Dictionary · Statistics
Repeatability condition of measurement
A condition set that includes the same procedure, operators, measuring system, operating conditions, and location, with replicates over a short period.
Related terms
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Normalized error (En)
The interlaboratory comparison statistic En = (x − X) / √(U²(x) + U²(X)). |En| ≤ 1 indicates agreement within expanded uncertainties; it is the standard scoring for calibration proficiency tests.
ISO 13528:2022
Measurement repeatability
Measurement precision under repeatability conditions — the tightest, most flattering precision an instrument and operator can show.
VIM (JCGM 200:2012) 2.21
Gauge R&R
A measurement systems analysis estimating the variation due to the gauge (repeatability) and the operators (reproducibility), commonly expressed as a percentage of total variation or tolerance.
AIAG MSA manual
Z-score
A proficiency-testing statistic z = (x − X)/σ_pt comparing a participant result with the assigned value in units of the standard deviation for proficiency assessment; |z| ≤ 2 is conventionally satisfactory.
ISO 13528:2022
Measurement bias
The estimate of a systematic measurement error — typically the difference between the mean of repeated indications and an accepted reference value.
VIM (JCGM 200:2012) 2.18
Measurement trueness
Closeness of agreement between the average of infinitely many replicate measured values and a reference value. Trueness relates inversely to systematic error, not random error.
VIM (JCGM 200:2012) 2.14