Calibration of Thermocouples and Thermocouple Materials

1 Page 1 NISTMeasurementServices: NEWNISTPUBLICATION June12,1989 TheCalibrationof Thermocouplesand ThermocoupleMaterials NIST Special Publication 250-35 G.W.BurnsandM.G.Scroger U.S.DepartmentofCommerce NationalInstituteofStandard... Open at page → 2 Page 2 CenterforBasicStandards TheCenterforBasicStandardsdevelopsandmaintainsthescientificcompetenciesandlaboratoryfacilitiesnec- essarytopreserveandcontinuetorefinethebasephysicalquantitiesuponwhichtheNation'smeasurement syste... Open at page → 3 Page 3 NISTMEASUREMENTSERVICES: TheCalibrationofThermocouplesand ThermocoupleMaterials G.W.BumsandM.G.Scroger TemperatureandPressureDivision CenterforBasicStandards NationalMeasurementLaboratory NationalInstituteofStandardsandT... Open at page → 4 Page 4 LibraryofCongressCatalogCardNumber:89-600732 NationalInstituteofStandardsandTechnologySpecialPublication250-35 Natl.Inst.Stand.Technol.Spec.Pub!.250-35,201pages(Apr.1989) CODEN:NSPUE2 Certaincommercialequipment,instrumen... Open at page → 5 Page 5 PREFACE Calibrations andrelatedmeasurement servicesoftheNationalInstituteof StandardsandTechnologyprovidethemeansformakersandusersofmeasuring toolstoachievelevelsofmeasurementaccuracythatarenecessarytoattain quality,prod... Open at page → 6 Page 6 isoneofapproximately 20documents inthenewseriespublished orin preparation bytheCenterforBasicStandards. Itdescribes calibration technology andprocedures utilized inconnection withNIST Service Identification Numbersfrom32... Open at page → 7 Page 7 CONTENTS Page 1. DESCRIPTIONOFSERVICES 1 2. PRINCIPLESOFTHERMOELECTRIC THERMOMETRY 4 2.1Thermoelectric Phenomena 4 2.2ChoiceoftheThermocoupleMaterials 6 2.2.1 Temperatures from0Kto450°C 8 2.2.2 Temperatures from450°Cto11... Open at page → 8 Page 8 Page 3.2.2 Equipment 39 3.2.2.1 StandardPlatinumResistance Thermometer 39 3.2.2.2 ACBridge 40 3.2.2.3 Potentiometer 40 3.2.3 CalibrationProcedure 40 3.2.4 ComputationofBathTemperature 41 3.2.5 CalibrationReport 44 3.3Pri... Open at page → 9 Page 9 Page 4.7ThermometricFixedPoints 73 4.7.1 MetalFreezing-Point Cells 73 4.7.2 WaterTriple-PointCells 75 4.7.3 IceBaths 75 4.8References 76 5. ASSESSMENTOFUNCERTAINTIES 103 5.1Uncertainties inPrimaryCalibrations of TypeSThe... Open at page → 10 Page 10 LISTOFFIGURES Figure Page 2.1. Schematicdiagramofthermocoupleswithajunctionbox... 21 2.2. Thermoelectric powerofsomelow-temperature thermocouples 21 2.3. Calibrationemf'softhreestandardthermocouples atthezincpointandatth... Open at page → 11 Page 11 Figure Page 4.2. Calibrationcorrections forGuildlinepotentiometer 78 4.3. CalibrationhistoryoftypeSstandardthermocouple SC-68-2atthegoldpoint(1064.43°C) 79 4.4. CalibrationhistoryoftypeSstandardthermocouple SC-68-2atthes... Open at page → 12 Page 12 Figure Page 4.19. CalibrationhistoryoftypeSstandardthermocouple SC-72-1atthegoldpoint(1064.43°C) 95 4.20. CalibrationhistoryoftypeSstandardthermocouple SC-72-1atthesilverpoint(961.93°C) 96 4.21. CalibrationhistoryoftypeS... Open at page → 13 Page 13 LISTOFTABLES Table Page 1.1. NISTthermocouplecalibrationcapability 3 2.1. Compositions, tradenamesandletterdesignations forstandardizedthermocouples 7 2.2. Suggesteduppertemperaturelimitsforprotected thermocouples andvar... Open at page → 15 Page 15 1.DESCRIPTIONOFSERVICES Calibration services forallconunonly usedtypesofthermocouples and thermocouple materials areprovidedbyNISTfrom-196to+2100 °C. The temperaturerangeforaparticularcalibrationdependsonthetypeofwireor... Open at page → 16 Page 16 Information about theNISTthermocouple calibration services andthe requirements forthermocouples tobesubmitted forspecialtestsmaybe obtainedbycontacting: MargaretG.ScrogerorGeorgeW.Burns NationalInstituteofStandardsandTec... Open at page → 17 Page 17 Table1.1.NISTthermocouplecalibrationcapability Thermocouples tested Temperature Calibration Range Method* Uncertainties*** Type Material ("C) (°C) NOBLE-METAL Pt -10%Rh vs Pt 0to1450 0.2atfixedpts. 0.3(0to1100°C) 2at1450... Open at page → 18 Page 18 2.PRINCIPLESOFTHERMOELECTRIC THERMOMETRY 2.1Thermoelectric Phenomena Athermocouple consists oftwodissimilar conductors or"thermoelements" joinedtoformacircuit. T.J.Seebeck[1]^firstdiscoveredthatather- mocouplewouldproduc... Open at page → 19 Page 19 dE .T a, B. -a AdT. ^AB dT T Thethermoelectric powerofeverythermocouple iszeroat0K;therefore Thenetthermocouple emfisalineintegralaroundthepathofthethermoele- mentsfromthepositivetothenegativeterminal, i.e., Ifthethermoe... Open at page → 20 Page 20 2.2ChoiceoftheThermocoupleMaterials Of the approximately 300different types oftemperature measuring thermocouples thathavebeenidentifiedandstudied[5],onlyafewtypes, havingthemorefavorablecharacteristics, areingeneraluse.... Open at page → 21 Page 21 Table2.1,Compositions, tradenamesandletterdesignations for standardizedthermocouples Typedesignation Materials Thermocouplecombinations B platinum-30%rhodium/platinum- 6%rhodium E nickel-chromiumalloy/acopper-nickelalloy... Open at page → 22 Page 22 Thestandardized thermocouples areavailablecommerciallywiththermoelectric properties thatagreewiththereference tablesoftemperature versusemf withinspecifiedtolerances. Tolerancesdifferindifferentcountries. Those oftheUnit... Open at page → 23 Page 23 Theuppertemperature limitsofbase-metalthermocouples forextendedusein airaregivenintable2.2.Thesearedeterminedbytheoxidationresistance ofthethermoelements and,therefore, thelimitsdependuponthecomposition andthewiresize. T... Open at page → 24 Page 24 Allbase-metalthermoelements ofthestandardized thermocouples areaffected byoxidation. Dahl[15]investigated thechangeinerafof18gauge (1.24mm diameter)wireforKP,KN,JPandJNelementswhentheywereheatedinairat 427"Cfortimestotal... Open at page → 25 Page 25 ThestabilityoftypeSthermocouples calibratedattheNISTisdemonstrated infigure 2.3. Theywerecalibrated ingold-point, silver-point, antimony-point ,andzinc-point cellswithnearlythesameimmersion and temperature gradienteachti... Open at page → 26 Page 26 andPt-40%Rh/Pt-20%Rh(40/20)thermocouples andalsoobservedtheiremf'sat thepalladiumpoint(1552°C)asafunctionofheatingtimeat1700°C.After 200hat1700"Cinair,theemfofthe20/5thermocouplehaddecreasedthe equivalentofabout5°Catthep... Open at page → 27 Page 27 afterrecrystallization, sodopingisneitherneedednoreffective [32]. The tungsten-rheniumalloythermocouples aresuitableforuseinhydrogenandin pureinertatmospheres. Theymayalsobeusedinhighvacuum;but,whenthey areexposedforlong... Open at page → 28 Page 28 materialsandthentestedforhomogeneity. Thiscanbedoneseparatelyfor eachelementbyobservinganythermalemfsdeveloped inaloopwhenshort lengthsofthelooparesubjected toasteeptemperature gradient. More elaborate tests ofthecomplet... Open at page → 29 Page 29 madeinsitutoaccountfor"homogeneity changes", thedifference inemfcan thenbeinterpolated forpriormeasurements. Between630.74and1064.43 "C,thePt-10%Rh/Ptthermocouple (typeS)isthe standardinstrumentoftheIPTS-68andmustbecalib... Open at page → 30 Page 30 thethermocoupleanditssurroundings, whetherthroughsolidorgasorvacuum. Steptempering isaccomplishedby"thermaltiedowns", i.e.,thermalshuntsto anobjectofrelativelylargeheatcapacity. 2.6SummaryoftheLawsofThermoelectric Circui... Open at page → 31 Page 31 2.6.3LavofSuccessiveorIntermediateTemperatures Iftwodissimilarhomogeneous metalsproduceathermalemfof Ej^ ,whenthe junctionsareattemperatures and ,andathermalemfof£3 ,whenthe junctionsareatT2andT3 ,theemfgeneratedwhenthej... Open at page → 32 Page 32 2.7References [I] Seebeck, T.J.,Abh.Akad.Wiss.,Berlin265(1822). [2] Peltier,J.C.A.,Ann.Chim.Phys .56(2ndseries)371(1834). [3] Thomson,W. ,Trans.R.Soc,Edinburgh21,123-171,(1854). [4] Roeser,W.F. ,inTemperature: ItsMeasure... Open at page → 33 Page 33 [17] Burgess, G.K. ,J.Res.Natl.Bur.Stand.11,635-640(1928). [18] TheInternational PracticalTemperature Scaleof1968AmendedEdition of1975,Metrologia 12,No.1,7-17(1976). [19] Barber,C.R. ,Metrologia 5,35-44(1969). [20] Jones... Open at page → 34 Page 34 [33] Burns, G.W. ,Hurst,W.S.,inBilling, B.F, ,Quinn, T.J.(Eds.), Temperature Measurement 1975InstituteofPhysicsConference Series, pp.144-159Volume26(LondonandBristol: InstituteofPhysics) (1975). [34] Pollock, D.D.,Finch,... Open at page → 35 Page 35 Figure 2.1.Schematicdiagramofthermocoupleswitha junctionbox. Figure 2.2.Thermoelectric powerofsomelow-temperature Thermocouples . 21 Open at page → 36 Page 36 10320 _10318 I 10316 10314 > 10312 E 10310 3446 i 3444 ,53442 3440 • ••(SC-68-2) • •.(SC-71-6) • -(5064-8) . IO-I'C 3 4 5 6 Years Figure2.3,Calibrationemf'softhreestandardthermocouples atthezincpointandatthegoldpoint. Ti... Open at page → 37 Page 37 NicrosilversusN'isil lypcS Pi--iO^;RhversusPl-20^•Rh i:ui.i 160u 200U TcnirKTaiurc("O Figure2.5. Thermoelectric powerofsomehigh-temperaturethermocouples Figure2.6. Emf(E)unaffectedbythirdmaterial, C. 23 Open at page → 38 Page 38 Figure 2.7. Emfsareadditiveformaterials. Figure 2.8. Emfsareadditivefortemperature intervals. 24 Open at page → 39 Page 39 3.CALIBRATIONMETHODSANDPROCEDURES FORTHERMOCOUPLESANDTHERMOCOUPLEMATERIALS Asindicatedinsection1.0,thecalibrations ofthermocouples andofsingle- legthermoelements versustheplatinumthermoelectric standard, Pt-67,are conduc... Open at page → 40 Page 40 transformer. Theannealingprocedure istoheatthewireatabout1450°Cfor 45minutesandthenallowittocoolquicklytoabout750°C. Itisheldat 750°Cfor30minutesandthencooledtoroomtemperature inatimeofafew minutes. Thetemperature ofthew... Open at page → 41 Page 41 annealed.Thethermocouple assemblyisprotectedbyaclosed-endaluminatube duringtheanneal. Thetestthermocouple assemblyisheatedslowly(overa periodof2to4h)toabout1100°Candheldatthattemperature for 30minutes. Thetemperature ist... Open at page → 42 Page 42 beaker (5cmindiameter), placedinasmallenvelope, andpackedinthe containerinwhichitwasreceived.Athermocouplereceivedonaplasticspool orinplastictubingisreturnedtothecustomeronthesamespoolorinthe sametubing. Ifthecontainerwa... Open at page → 43 Page 43 polynomials representing thetemperature-emfrelationship forthetest thermocouple . TEMPERATUREVERSUSEMFTABLES.TYPER.Thedatafromanautomaticcalibration ofatypeRthermocouple areprocessedusingalaboratorycomputer toobtain atem... Open at page → 44 Page 44 Foracalibration intherange800to1750°C,wherethetemperature is measuredwithatypeBreferencethermocouple, thecomputercalculates the temperature, tgg,fromthemeasuredemfofthereferencethermocoupleandalso calculates thedifferenc... Open at page → 45 Page 45 referencethermocouple andtheappropriate thermocouple referencetablefrom NBSMonograph125mustbeinfiles. Theprintedoutputwillincludethetemperatureversusemftable,alistingof themeasuredcalibration data,resultsoftheleastsquare... Open at page → 46 Page 46 practically auniformtemperature andthewater-cooled terminalsproducea verysharptemperature gradientateachend. Thisfurnacecanbeheatedto about1100°Cinabout10minuteswithabout12kWand,ifallthepoweris shutoff,willcoolfromthatte... Open at page → 47 Page 47 programedtoreadtheseinstrumentssimultaneously. ThePDVM'sareinstructed totake16readings,calculatethemeanandthevarianceofthereadings,and returnthesevaluestothecomputer. Duringacalibration, thePDVM'sare checkedagainsta10mil... Open at page → 48 Page 48 aluminatubesarethensealedtothethermocouplewirewithasmallamountof borosilicate glasstopreventmetalvaporsfromthebasemetalthermocouple andfromthefurnaceheatingelementfromcontaminating thetypeSreference thermocouple duringac... Open at page → 49 Page 49 thethermocouple reference tablefoundinNBSMonograph125iscalculated; measurements mayberepeatedifaparticularcalibrationpointappearsoutof linewiththeprecedingpoints. Afterthecalibration iscompleted, areport listingtemperatu... Open at page → 50 Page 50 thesameasthoseusedinthecalibrations describedinsections3.1.1and 3.1.2. Thechoiceofthereferencestandardtobeemployeddependsonthe compositionofthesheath,thetemperaturerange,andthetypeoftestthermo- couple. Themeasuringjuncti... Open at page → 51 Page 51 largerwell,aroundthethermocouples andSPRT,andbackintothesmallerwell throughtheconnectingpassageatthetop. Forcalibration intherange+1to+95°C,distilledwaterisusedasthebath medium. Distilledwaterispreferable totapwatersince... Open at page → 52 Page 52 thermocouplemeasuringjunctionsandtheSPRTresistordoesnotexceed0.05°C at300Cand0.1°Cat500°C. Intheeveningbeforethetinbathistobeused,aclockissettoturnthe powerontothebathintheearlymorninghours. Thisisnecessary, sinceit take... Open at page → 53 Page 53 oroxygengasinthecorresponding liquidthroughaglasstubewithanoutlet placedinoneoftheholesofthecopperblock. 3.2.2Equipment 3.2.2.1 StandardPlatinumResistanceThermometer AnSPRThasaresistormadeofplatinumofsufficientpuritythat... Open at page → 54 Page 54 3.2.2.2 ACBridge Bridgesoperatingat400hertzhavebeenbuiltattheNISTbasedonadesign byCutkosky[2].ThesebridgesweredesignedforusewithSPRT's. Thebridge utilizesaninductiveratiodividerthateliminates thenecessityofcali- bratingt... Open at page → 55 Page 55 sequenceisasfollows: SPRT,TC,SPRT,TC,SPRT. Thebathtemperature isdeterminedfromthethreeSPRTreadings. Thetwo thermocouple readingsareaveraged, thepotentiometer correction isapplied, andthedataarenormalized tothedesiredtemp... Open at page → 56 Page 56 Sincethederivationoftb'sfactorisnotexplicitlyoutlinedineitherof theabovepublications, itisexplainedbelow. Thetriplepointofwatercellhasanaxialwellforthethermometersandthe triplepointtemperature isobtainedwhenevertheiceisi... Open at page → 57 Page 57 factorusedtoconverttheR^pvaluetotheRqvaluecanbedetermined as shownbelow: Rtp/Rq=1+At' Rq=Rtp/(1+At')ohms Rq=Rtp/[1+(0.0039851342)(0. 0097839)]ohms Rq=(25.46480)(0.99996101)ohms Rq=25.46381ohms AfterthevalueRgisdetermined... Open at page → 58 Page 58 3.2.5CalibrationReport Theemfvaluesdeterminedduringthecalibrationofabase-metalthermocouple arereportedatthemeasuredtemperatures, exceptfortypeTthermocouples. TypeTthermocouples maybecalibratedatspecifiedtemperatures anda... Open at page → 59 Page 59 antimony^,andzinc. Theliquiduspointcalibratingtemperatures arerealized inmetalfreezing-point cellswhoseliquidustemperatures havebeenestab- lishedfrommeasurements madewithplatinum resistance thermometers as describedinsec... Open at page → 60 Page 60 maybecausedbythemeasuring instrument, contamination ofthemetal freezing-point cell,lackoftemperatureuniformity inthefurnace,changein thethermocouple itselforinsomeotherpartofthemeasuringsystem. This procedurecannotdetect... Open at page → 61 Page 61 3.3.5PreliminaryTests Priortocalibration ofthetestthermocouples inthemetalfreezing-point cells, theyaregivenpreliminary tests toassess theirthermoelectric homogeneityandtodetermineiftheysatisfythepurityandemfrequirements... Open at page → 62 Page 62 Themethodusedfornucleatingfreezesdependsontheparticularmetalandon theextenttowhichthemetalsupercools. Thespecialtechniquesemployedto initiatefreezeswitheachofthefourmetalsarediscussedinthefollowing subsections. However,... Open at page → 63 Page 63 thirdfreeze. Ifthereisstilllackofagreement, thetestthermocouple is re-annealedandtestedagainateachofthefixedpoints. Asinglevalueofemfforeachtestthermocouple ateachcalibrationtempera- tureisdeterminedbycomputingthemeanoft... Open at page → 64 Page 64 pointthatis0.5to0.7microvolts lowerthanthatofthesamethermocouple afterithasannealedintheantimonycellforalongperiod. Thiscondition isalleviatedbygivingthetestthermocouples afurnaceannealaftertheyare testedatthesilverpoint... Open at page → 65 Page 65 3.3.7PackingandShipping Afterthecalibration iscompleted, thethermocouples arepackaged for shipmentbacktocustomers. Themeasuringjunctions arecutoffandthe thermocouple wiresarepulledgentlyfromthealuminainsulating tube. The... Open at page → 66 Page 66 630.74°Crange,theemfdeviation(De)ofthethermocouple fromthereference tableisrepresentedby: De= bo+b^t+b21^ , wherebg , b^^ ,andbgarecomputedfromthevaluesofDeat0,419.58(zinc point),and630.74°C(bg=0sinceDe=0att=0°C) . Theem... Open at page → 67 Page 67 alongwithacoveringletter, issenttothecustomer. Samplesoftheabove informationaregivenintheappendixinsections8.1.1.1and8.1.1.2. 3.3.9Apparatus 3.3.9.1 ElectricalAnnealingSystem Thethermocouples areelectricallyannealedforpr... Open at page → 68 Page 68 Thestainless steelcapatthetopoftheglasscellprovides ameansof operatingthecellinaninertatmosphere toprotectthefreezing-point metal andgraphitepartsfromairoxidation. Thecapissealedtothecellwitha rubber0-ring. Athermocouple... Open at page → 69 Page 69 point. Theunbalancevoltagefromthepotentiometer isamplifiedwithadc nulldetector, andthedetector output isfedtoa 3-modeelectronic controller thatoperates asolid-state currentregulatorconnected tothe centerheater. Thetop-an... Open at page → 70 Page 70 3.4References [1]Powell,R.L. ,Hall,W.J.,Hyink,Jr.,C.H. ,Sparks, L.L. ,Burns,G. W. ,Scroger, M.G. ,Plumb,H.H. ,ThermocoupleReferenceTablesBasedon theIPTS-68,Natl.Bur.Stand.(U.S.)Monogr .125,410pages(1974). [2]Cutkosky, R.... Open at page → 71 Page 71 57 Open at page → 72 Page 72 ZD O. < LU 1 CQ LU 1 TA OR CO JU 00 o< < CE 58 Open at page → 74 Page 74 60 Open at page → 75 Page 75 61 Open at page → 76 Page 76 Figure 3.6. Tinbath. 62 Open at page → 77 Page 77 Figure 3.7. Tinbath. 63 Open at page → 78 Page 78 Figure 3.8. Cryostat. 64 Open at page → 79 Page 79 Figure 3.9. Cryostat. 65 Open at page → 80 Page 80 CAP CLASSCELL- GRAPHITEOISK-^ GRAPHITEWEa- FREEZING-POINT- METAL THERMOMETERPORT GASPORT GLASSGUlOe TUBE INSULATION 4.8— • GRAPHITELID -GRAPHITE CRUCIBLE 19cm Figure3.10. Metalfreezing-point cell. 66 Open at page → 81 Page 81 BRASS SHELL FIBERFRAX INSULATION TIEROD SILOCEL BRICK INCONELTUBE WELL Figure 3.11.Freezingpointfurnaceforgoldandsilver. 67 Open at page → 82 Page 82 Figure 3.12.Freezingpointfurnaceforantimonyandzinc. 68 Open at page → 83 Page 83 4.INTERNALQUALITYCONTROL Toobtainreliablecalibration results, itisnecessary tomaintaininternal standards inthelaboratory andtofollowroutineprocedures tocheck equipmentandstandardsaswellastohavesomeequipmentcalibratedinot... Open at page → 84 Page 84 allowances andthecalibration uncertainty givesanoveralluncertainty of +3.78to-2.78microvolts inourlaboratoryvoltagestandard. 4.2VoltageMeasuringInstruments 4.2.1Potentiometers Thevariouspotentiometers usedinthermocouple... Open at page → 85 Page 85 togethertopromotetemperatureequalityandalmosttheentirelengthofthe copperconnecting wiresisthermallyandelectrically shielded. However, experience showsthattheportionsofthecopperconnectingwireslocated withinreference-junct... Open at page → 86 Page 86 referencethermocouples aremadeinthe800to1100°Crangeandareperformed afterabouteveryfivetimesthetypeBreferencethermocouples areused. ThespeciallymountedtypeSreferencethermocouples usedinthecomparison calibrationofbase-meta... Open at page → 87 Page 87 4.7ThermometricFixedPoints 4.7.1MetalFreezing-Point Cells Freezing-point cellscontaining zinc,antimony, silver,andgoldareusedin theprimarycalibrationoftypeSthermocouples describedinsection3.3.The valuesassigned totheliqu... Open at page → 88 Page 88 Table4.1.Freezingpointdifferencesforgoldandsilvercells (Testcell) -(Referencecell) (ValuesindegreesCelsius) RT No. TestCell: Ref.Cell: AU67-11 AU83-1 AU85-1 AU83-1 AG67-4 AG79-1 AG65-2 AG79-1 8202 8204 8205 0.0551 0.0544... Open at page → 89 Page 89 Thezincfreezing-point cellpresently usedintheHTTClaboratory was constructed in1986usingzincofveryhighpurity(lessthan 1ppmtotal impurity content) . Thefreezingpointofthecellwasdetermined from measurements madeintheNISTpla... Open at page → 90 Page 90 4.8 References [1]Bass,N. ,NBSTechnicalNote1183,part1(January1984). [2]Evans, J.P., Tillett, S. B. ,NBSTechnical Note 1183, part 2 (January1984) . [3]Evans, J.P.,Evaluation ofSomeHigh-Temperature PlatinumResistance Therm... Open at page → 91 Page 91 77 Open at page → 92 Page 92 o o >o >o >o o o >O no >O DO >o t>ODO >O >Ono o o OOoo ooo t>o > o >ono >o [>o o o o o o>o >o ao COOD Dami cam 2^ "c "c > cor u o 1— » oooo »—oooo h-oooo mTTin tnn in^ _io inen < 1— ( a _i o CO 3: 0 O> >- 03 ID s:)t0A0J3... Open at page → 93 Page 93 fi^XOAOJOTUi 'iNIOdaiOSIVJW3 7S Open at page → 94 Page 94 Ol ruu (no at s^tOAOJDTUi 'INIOda3AniSiVdW3 80 Open at page → 95 Page 95 D iH O. 3 O o o a u •o t, «J -o c (T3 CO o M CO < d) ITa IBI >. -J^ <o 81 Open at page → 96 Page 96 st^tOAOJOTUi 'iNIOd3NIZiVJH3 82 Open at page → 97 Page 97 CO CO s:iI0A0J3Tiu 'iNiOd0109IVdW3 83 Open at page → 98 Page 98 CO CO cn 01 cn s:)IOAOjaTuj 'iNIOdti3AniSiVdW3 84 Open at page → 99 Page 99 (D CO 1 "I 1 .. . , 1 1 1 1 • 1 u O • • O \ • • 1 H • — • - - • - - • - • • • • • - • - • • • •• - 1_L ..lA • t % 1fill . 1.. « rH Q. 3 O O o Vvl a (« CO h p 43 J dard -7 o (d H-t CO < CO CO CO o. -J >• < 43 CJ o . Ll. o... Open at page → 100 Page 100 s:H0A0J3tuJ •iNlOd3NI2iVJW3 86 Open at page → 101 Page 101 (n o in in o (n cn o o s^tOAOJOTUiiNIOd0109IVdH3 87 Open at page → 102 Page 102 in m 0)0 C\JO 01 e^IOAOJOTUi 'iNIOdd3AlISiVJW3 88 Open at page → 103 Page 103 in m 1^ in in in in in in in 89 Open at page → 104 Page 104 en m rn cn s:^IOAOja^ui 'iNIOdONIZiVdH3 90 Open at page → 105 Page 105 1 1 1 1 1 i 1 1 1 0 - o 0 - 0 o 0 I 0 - -h— 1 1 0 - — 0 _ ft 0 0 0 - 0 - 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 10 1 1 1 1 o I I- u o CJ o (n o in cn o cn (n o CM 1^ I H- o fi^tOAOJOtui 'INIOdan09iVJH3 91 Open at page → 106 Page 106 in m ay CD Ol 0)CJ njo 01 s:^I0A0J3i;ui 'iNIOdd3AlISiVdW3 92 Open at page → 107 Page 107 in in in in in cno 'TO in in s;i0A0J3tui'd^^roZQiVdH3 93 Open at page → 108 Page 108 in XT m s:HOAOJDTui 'iNIOdONIZiVdH3 94 Open at page → 109 Page 109 " 1 i 1 1— r r 1 1 1 I — - U 0 - 0 1 - h O 0 1 0 0 0 0 - 0 - - 0 - 0 - 0 00 - - 0 - 0 0 0 0 0 1 1^ 10 1 J 1 1 » 1 1 1. GO CJ o u o 03 o CP (n (n o CO o cn o CVJU (no o s:^t0A0J3TW 'INIOd0109iVdH3 95 Open at page → 110 Page 110 GO " 1T — 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 _ - u 0 O I H 0 0 0 0 — 0 0 0 -- 0 - 0 00 - 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1^0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 - u o (D CJ O CO u o CJ o CM tn O) o tn cn CD an tDU 01 s:^t0A0J3TUiUNIOdd3A"IISIVdH3 96 Open at page → 111 Page 111 to in m in in m in in in -HCJ ino in in 97 Open at page → 112 Page 112 CO 1 1 1 1 i 1 1 1 1 1 1 — u - o — 1 1 ' 0 0 — 0 0 — 0 — 0 —- 0 0 0 0 00 _ 0 _ 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1% 1 1 1 1 1 1 1- u o 00 u o CDM U o o to cn cn cn s:iI0A0J3iui 'iNIOd3NIZiVdH3 98 Open at page → 113 Page 113 CO o CD s a cn n o m m o fVjCJ n o 34lCaojdiu; '0109iVJh3 99 Open at page → 114 Page 114 cn S^TOAOJOiuJ 'iNIOdb3A1I5iV 100 Open at page → 115 Page 115 101 Open at page → 116 Page 116 S"4IOAOJ3liu 'iNIOd3NIZiV-'W3 102 Open at page → 117 Page 117 5.ASSESSMENTOFUNCERTAINTIES Inassessing theuncertainties involved incalibrating thermocouples and thermoelements, itisnecessary totakenoteoftwofeaturesoftheprogram. First,asubstantialvarietyoftestsandcalibrations areperf... Open at page → 118 Page 118 andcomputethestandarddeviationofthesedifferencesbytheusualformula where = I (Z, -Z.)2 (3) n-2 ^ n-1 1 Theexpectedvaluefors^isgivenbytheformula 2 f n-1 n-1 ^ E(s2)=2a2+— - + I/^i' - I (5) Thus,wecanestimatethestandarddevi... Open at page → 119 Page 119 Theblanksintable5.1representnegativevaluesfortheestimateof and areexplainedbythefactthateq(5)and(6)dependupontheassumptionthat Gov ,ej)=0 Iftherearecovariancesbetweenadjacentmeasurements, thenthestatistics in table5.1app... Open at page → 120 Page 120 tendtoberandomfromcalibration tocalibrationandarealsoconsideredto bepartoftherandomerrorofthecheckstandardmeasurements. Thevaluesoftemperature assigned totheliquiduspointsofthefreezing- pointcellsarederivedfrommeasuremen... Open at page → 121 Page 121 totheliquidus points ofthefreezing-point cells aresummarized in table5.2. Inaddition tosystematic errorsassociatedwithdetermining theliquidus pointsofthefreezing-point cells,wehavedecidedtoincludesomeallowance forpossibl... Open at page → 122 Page 122 Thetotaluncertainties includenoallowances forsystematic errordueto inhomogeneities inthethermocouples orforchangesintheemfduringsubse- quentuse. Suchuncertainties areapplicablewhenthethermocouples areused inasystematicma... Open at page → 123 Page 123 Table5.3.Summaryofsystematicerrorsinprimarycalibrations oftypeSthermocouples atthefixedpoints (Valuesinmicrovolts) Au Ag Sb Zn emf +0.13 +0.12 +0.11 +0.10 MeasuringSystem -0.03 -0.03 -0.03 -0.03 Temperatureof +0.07 +0.05... Open at page → 124 Page 124 Thetotaluncertainties ofinterpolatedvaluesintheIPTS-68definingrange 630.74to1064.43"Cmaybeobtainedbymultiplyingthetotaluncertainties at thefixedpointsgivenintable5.3bytheappropriatevaluestakenfromthe curvesinfigure5.1and... Open at page → 125 Page 125 Table5.4.Propagateduncertainties fromtotaluncertainties atthefour fixedpoints Temperature Uncertainty Temperature Uncertainty degreesCelsius microvolts degreesCelsius microvolts '-III -0 Vol -1:11 -0 -l-.r. 350 ^^'^^ 900... Open at page → 126 Page 126 Ateachtemperature ,wecomputeanaverage andastandarddeviation ^1/2 D.)2| (8) Thecomputedmeansandstandarddeviationsaregivenintable5.5.Apooled standarddeviationateachtemperature iscomputedas + -2 J 1/2 (9) withnj^+n2 -2degre... Open at page → 127 Page 127 Limitstorandomerrorforthecomparisoncalibrationprocessaretakentobe threetimesthesestandarddeviations. Uncertainties assignedtovaluesfor theworkingstandards bytheprimarycalibration processpropagate into systematic errorsfo... Open at page → 128 Page 128 Table5.6.Standarddeviationsforcomparisoncalibrations (valuesinmicrovolts) Temperature Pooled Predicted Comp. PredComp StdDev DF StdDev StdDev StdDev 100 0,,434 37 0.,461 0.23 200 0,.595 37 0. ,500 0.28 300 0,,647 37 0.,5... Open at page → 129 Page 129 thetestthermocouples asforthereferencethermocouple andthusproduce negligiblesystematicerrorinthemeasurements. Wemakeasmallallowancetoaccountforsystematicdifferencefoundbetween calibrations oftypeSthermocouples performedb... Open at page → 130 Page 130 Table5.7.Totaluncertainties incomparisoncalibrations oftypeS thermocouples (valuesinmicrovolts) SystematicErrors Limits DuetoReferenceThermocouple Temperature to FixedPoint Driftand Total degreesC RandomError Calibration... Open at page → 131 Page 131 5.3References [1]TheInternational PracticalTemperatureScaleof1968,AmendedEditionof 1975,Metrologia 12,No.1,7-17(1976). [2]Evans, J.P.,Wood, S.D.,AnIntercomparison ofHighTemperature PlatinumResistanceThermometers andStand... Open at page → 132 Page 132 INIOdG3XIJIV»0H»3JH3ilNH»3dtfOdHB:iwa 118 Open at page → 133 Page 133 the re] he at to u -o rorused c w lints u o <D o :3 O- emf rati. val X) 0) X ctw 4-1 o •i-l theun cr rat !-i iJ 0) nJ w CX Znal U o (U o CJ 5-10 U wO•P> 119 Open at page → 134 Page 134 s:HOAOJOTUi •30N3H3ddiadH3 120 Open at page → 135 Page 135 u X3 tu 3 UJ Q Q) c 0 w c ;-i CO o cx, 00 0 w0 00c C_)o Q- to 13 q; 0)•iH Xu Pl, >4-l o II CJQ) 0 tl) 4J0 q <uu<u }_i JJ <u t4-l d) •-1 o t3 to (1) (4-1 }^ d)w (U }^0 (/) to 6 <u a >-i0 CJ •u 0 cdS bOC 0) C 4J w +J cW 0)... Open at page → 136 Page 136 6.FUTUREDIRECTIONS Weforeseemarkedchangesintheinternational standardintemperature asthe IPTS-68isreplacedbyanewscalesometimeduringthenext5years. Despitethisscalemodification, weexpectthatthermocouplethermometerswill cont... Open at page → 137 Page 137 7.1 7.BIBLIOGRAPHY NationalBureauofStandardsPublications 1. Powell, R.L. ,Hall,W.J.,Hyink,Jr.,C.H. ,Sparks, L.L. , Burns, G.W. ,Scroger, M.G. ,andPlumb, H.H. ,Thermocouple Reference TablesBasedontheIPTS-68,Natl.Bur.Stand... Open at page → 138 Page 138 7.2 AmericanSocietyforTestingandMaterialsPublications (cont'd) 4. Pollock, D.D., TheTheory andProperties ofThermocouple Elements .ASTMSTP492,(OmegaPress,Ithaca,NY,1979). 5. Pollock, D.D. ,Thermoelectricity: TheoryThermom... Open at page → 139 Page 139 7.5 OtherPublications (Cont'd) 5. Burley, N.A.,andAcklund, R.G.,"TheStability ofThermo- emf/Temperature Characteristics ofNickel-baseThermocouples", J. ofAustralianInst,ofMetals,12(1967). 6. Burley, N.A.,"SoluteDepletion... Open at page → 140 Page 140 8.APPENDICES 8.1 CalibrationReports Avarietyofreportsareissuedforthermocouple calibrations dependingupon thetypeofthermocouple orthermoelement, thetypeofcalibration, the temperature range,andthetemperature scale(IPTS-68o... Open at page → 141 Page 141 UNITEDSTATESDEPARTMENTOFCOMMEPCE NationalInaCituCaofStandardaandTechnology [fornnarlyNationalBureauofSfeandarda] GaiChersburg,Maryland20899 January10,1989 Inreplyreferto: 586/888765 WWXX Hometown, U.S.A. Attn:JaneDoe/pur... Open at page → 142 Page 142 DRITEDSTATESDEPARTHEITOFCOHMERCE ATIOBALIRSTITOTEOFSTAIDASDSAIDTECHMOLOGT GAITHERSB0R6. HARTLAID REPORTOFCALIBRATION TYPESTHERMOCOUPLE Submittedby WWXXCorporation Hometown, U.S.A. Theemfofthethermocouplewasdeterminedat10... Open at page → 143 Page 143 JANUARY10,1989 NISTTESTNO.888765 TABLE 1 TEMPERATURE INDEGREESCELSIUS (IPTS-68 ) EMFINMICROVOLTS REFERENCEJUNCTIONSAT0DEGREESCELSIUS TEMPERATURE EMF 1064.43(GoldPoint) 10316.7 961.93(SilverPoint) 9134.4 630.74 5544.9 419... Open at page → 144 Page 144 or~-v£)CO(M r-m«*'ir>r- r-t oc\ cr\o o-\inc\ rfOvo'^fr-H ocr\cricr\0 IOOvoCnJg^ iDcNjCTiVO*^ r-t03v0^rH CTiOO'-D^r^I ,— (O00r~-iX) lDo") I—t ' in 0'-'<-t<^r.) oT^^in'X) r^r-oocrio Or-trgpT'^f' ir>vDvrir~-oo <J>0'-'rvi<^... Open at page → 145 Page 145 in 00M 00W 00i-^ u .u O 2CO u EhU CO wo COo H 2; Eh r-i v£)cnoT vot-to'-o rx)03^ i-H00 <a<onoT CI 0-)^ '<o fs)rsj r-ifM<Nj r^if\joioToT o invor- 00or-Hr-j OlOTOTnoo Cvl00^ t-H00 0)OJCIC^ltH 01«=rinvor- ino") (Nirgr-J 00... Open at page → 146 Page 146 in ODH 00c/5 00iJ w •U O Sw W E-iw wPi uo EhW Q COo <N]CMCNJ OT OT^^inIT) oT^invor- oooOt-hcm rH O")O(X) 1J3 tJDr-ODCO OT^inVDr~ OTrH00MD cr\oor-HCM 00o C>1 f") OTCM,-1rH <-l r-l<"'T «:}<m oT^inuDr- ooc7\OrHrvj invx)r-00... Open at page → 147 Page 147 COM 00w 00>J a u o U EhU COa wO EhU Q Eh C/3O M -CTl r-j 00 iT)cr.cnCOncr.o f)or-in r~ inT rorJCI COo CM in r-COo inr-00o <^inr~C7..-H 00in cr.rH COcr\ CMro<r U-. yor-C\o m V£>r- 00a.o •-ifO in r-a. )03CO0000 en cr<a\cn... Open at page → 148 Page 148 in VDW r~D COH 00w 00i-J u .U O 2.W U CO wO Cd Q E- coo rg<^<Mr^in 00in cnrH O CM t"")in ^ invo in cr^ <.Dr-00cr» u)r-00C7>o oTint—cnoi <MOT^in r~. i-i oT^in «TV£)00o<^ COO f'T rgcNj rvjn 0-)foCOrooT OOOO!-l f\J U300O o... Open at page → 149 Page 149 ooT^a\ oooo + I I I U[i]uu UJO CTiul ^r-^r) r-n <>D CO(TNrj« C>I OJIT)Cl<M oinCO n^oTin M tHn r-t 1^ +++ 1 o < E- ua < r-< VJD i-J OOo D 1 1 1 u V£)uuu , . o rH CTi * 00 < I-l <NrHCTi KO u inr- 1 oOtHu") O CO o +-> tHrHi... Open at page → 150 Page 150 8.1,1.2SummaryofCalibrationResultsforNISTRecord 136 Open at page → 151 Page 151 uEChMBER 28,19SS FREEZINGPOINTCALIBRATIONATGOLD 388765 TIME 1 1031765 1010299 2 1031765 1011012 3 1031766 1011306 4 1031766 1011598 5 1031766 1012296 6 1031768 1015301 7 10317.69 1016007 8 1031768 1016312 9 10317.68 1017... Open at page → 152 Page 152 DECEMBER28,1988 FREEZINGPOINTCALIBRATIONATAU 838765 TIME 1 10317 , .54 11 ::20:30 .2 2 10317 . ,55 11 ; ;21;:00, .1 3 10317 , .55 11 ::21:29.9 4 10317. ,57 11 ::22;:00,.3 5 10317 , .57 11 : :22:30.1 6 10317 . ,59 11 ; :2... Open at page → 153 Page 153 JANUARY3,1989 FREEZINGPOINTCALIBRATIONATSILVER 888765 TIME 1 9135.07 13 ;;51 ; :00, .5 2 9135.07 13 :51:29.7 3 9135.07 13; ;52 ;:00,.0 4 9135.07 13::52:29.8 5 9135.08 13; ;52 ;;59 ,.7 6 9135.08 13;:56::00 .1 7 9135.08 13... Open at page → 154 Page 154 JANUARY 3 .1989 FREEZINGPOINTCALIBRATIONATAG 888765 TIME 1 9135.12 14:53:00.4 2 9135.12 14:53:30.1 3 9135.12 14:53:59.9 4 .9135.12 14:54:29.8 5 9135.12 14:54:59.5 6 9135.12 14:57:59.7 7 9135.12 14:58:29.7 8 9135.12 14:58... Open at page → 155 Page 155 JANUARY 5,1989 FREEZINGPOINTCALIBRATIONATANTIMONY 8887(55 TIME 1 5545 ,.57 9:;04;:30,.6 2 5545.57 9;:05::00.3 3 5545 ,.57 9:;05::30..0 4 5545.57 9 ;:06::00.3 5 5545 ,,57 9 :;06:;30.,0 6 5545 ,.57 9;:09::29.9 7 5545 .,57... Open at page → 156 Page 156 JANUARY 5,1989 FREEZINGPOINTCALIBRATIONAT 3SS765 TIME 1 5545.51 15:34:59.6 2 5545.51 15:35:30.1 3 5545.51 15:36:00.1 4 5545.51 15:36:30.0 5 5545.52 15:37:00.2 6 5545.50 15:39:59.4 7 5545.50 15:40:31.1 8 5545.50 15:41:00.... Open at page → 157 Page 157 JANUARY 9,1989 FREEZINGPOINTCALIBRATIONATZN4 888765 TIME 1 3443 .54 12 :26:30.3 2 3443,.54 12::27;:00.,4 3 3443.54 12:27:30,.4 4 3443, ,54 12 ;:28;:00.,0 5 3443 .54 12:28:30,.0 6 3443.,56 12 ;;34;;36 .8 7 3443,.56 12;:34... Open at page → 158 Page 158 JANUARY9,1989 FREEZINGPOINTCALIBRATIONATZN5 888765 TIME 1 3443.59 17 :00:00.3 2 3443 ,.59 17:00;;30.1 3 3443 .59 17 :00:59.6 4 3443 ,,59 17:01 ; ;30.5 5 3443.59 17 :01:59.5 6 3443 ,.60 17 :05;;00.2 7 3443.60 17:05:29.8 8... Open at page → 159 Page 159 JANUARY10,1989 FORTESTFOLDER NISTTESTNO.888765 {'ATCOMPUTER' ) TABLE 1 TEMPERATURE INDEGREESCELSIUS (IPTS-68 ) EMFINMICROVOLTS REFERENCEJUNCTIONSAT0DEGREESCELSIUS TEMPERATURE EMF Table-Test 1064.43(GoldPoint) 10316.7 +17... Open at page → 160 Page 160 ('ATCOMPUTER' ) THERMOCOUPLECALIBRATION JANUARY10,1989 NISTTESTNUMBER888765 IPTS- ;68 FIXEDPOINTEMFVALUESINMICROVCOLTS 1064.43(goldpoint) -10316.74 961.93(silverpoint) -9134.44 630.74 -5544.90 419.58(zincpoint) -3443.22... Open at page → 161 Page 161 oro a> oooo + I I I UUUCz) U3o un r-^(N ro^ 00cr» cNj fNJtnCM<M oin00r- m^ iD r-tn rH +++ I a: u Eh D CL, tdO •Ju Eh< rHOT OOO 1 1 1 UDUM , o t— 1cr* 00 r^lrH * ^3tn Eh 1 oOrHin w 4-> i-HrHin Eh 00o + o. rH(NJ M in 00CO... Open at page → 162 Page 162 8.1.2 TypeSThermocouple -ComparisonCalibration 8,1.2.1CoveringLetterandBoundCalibrationReportforCustomer 148 Open at page → 163 Page 163 UNITEDSTATESDEPARTMENTOFCOMMERCE NationalInstituteofStandardsandTechnology (formerlyNationalBureauofStandards] Gaicnersburg,Maryland20B99 January10,1989 Inreplyreferto: 586/999888A XYZCorporation Hometown, U.S.A. Attn:Ja... Open at page → 164 Page 164 OHITEDSTATESDEPARTMEHTOFCOMMERCE HATIOHALIHSTITUTEOFSTAHDARDSAHDTECHHOLOGY GAITHERSBURG ,MARYLAHD REPORTOFCALIBRATION TYPESTHERMOCOUPLE (Tagged: ZZZ999) Submittedby XYZCorporation Hometown,U.S.A. Thethermocouple wascalib... Open at page → 165 Page 165 < 00 00 • 00w C7^D a\H cr>w •u OU 2 w EhU COU ElO u CO HO < or~-voCOCM inovof^ia^ O <-<^ CvJ fSl ooooo «J< r-(o<Nin OVOCM00 O <-< i-<<N 00in^in IT)<NJCT\ fO ^«J*in<^ ooooo r-tCOr-COo in 00in «3<^in>^ r-l<J300 f-lO t-t00u... Open at page → 166 Page 166 00 • 00w 00m00^ o criCO00 »3<^in r- ogCslcjCM(M 00(Njr~-(M00 MD IT)"^f 00cr\o csi CM(M f>0OT ^nro00 ^in r- COvD<=roT'-l OOC^CT'O cocT^Or-ifM oT^inuDr^ Or-irvjroLO CJf\JCMrvj(N 00cnOr-t(M "^t"^inintn •td OO COw HQ to MO U... Open at page → 167 Page 167 00 00 • 00CO a\O ChM a\CO •W OU CO EhU COu w« E-O W HO CO HO r-cnCM CTv (NjCMCO0000 00 in oT fM rvj intnM3 00cr>o cvj u3r^ooooa\ oo'-'oioo oo in r-- cr\o r-i00 inu^ininin mmuDvoMS udmdix)>X)ud UD(—r~-r-~r~ r-CTif\iincTi... Open at page → 168 Page 168 < 00 CO • 00CO CO J •Cd OO CO E-<W COw wotf o w n CO HO r-ono vDr-00OA in t-~00OA 0000000000 VOOArH 00 CM«1<UJ 00 ID<x> CO(j\ Cn r-iK£>T-l r-ioj inr~- r-f(NJCO^in o\o\ i-HlOCTirj*CTl Or-tCvl in r-l(M00^in rH O 00Or-1 in... Open at page → 169 Page 169 < 00 00 • 00W G^D cr\H <TvCO J •w ou 2 CO EhU COw o E-Q CO HO CO Eh u ij cu • D Cm ou ua O u DC - EhCO E-" CO o u> a.H >* Eh w— J00 CQ^ < I EhCO E-" a, to u CO 00U C7\W rHOS o «w OQO 2 >HH OS < • <uw ooorHrH oJro^inuD r~... Open at page → 170 Page 170 o o ino00 oooo r-i + 1 1 1 uuuU3 O cr»in 4-> cn (M VJ3 «^ COorH^<N «^ a\OJ rg COCO00r- "S* CM COin o rH +++ 1 00 t-H00 ooo 1 1 1 OwblM r-t (M 00 O 00 OO -P r~-cr>in 00 r- r-COrH (NUD o 00COrH 00 ++ o O00in +oo u 1 1 ouM... Open at page → 171 Page 171 8.1.2.2SummaryofCalibrationResultsforNISTRecord 157 Open at page → 172 Page 172 TESTTHERMOCOUPLENUMBER999888A COEFFICIENTS FOREMFEQUATIONSFORSTANDARDTHERMOCOUPLE SC-83-13 Temperaturerange 0to630.74 630.74to1064.43 1064.43to1450 A= B= C= D= E= F= G= +0 .OOOOOOOE+00 +5 .3893631E+00 2544059E-02 2448218... Open at page → 173 Page 173 385.818 3123 ,.980 3121.74b -2 .^J4 386 .300 3128 .566 3126 .240 -2 .326 421 .330 3464 ,.750 3462 .376 -2.374 421.755 3468.846 3466 .040 -2.806 458 .144 3822 ..570 3819 .976 -2 .594 458 .593 3826 .966 3824 .680 -2 .286 4... Open at page → 174 Page 174 TEMPERATURE 76.6118 77 .0200 91.0343 91 .3410 110.9373 111 .2430 136.6473 137 .0471 166 .8361 167.3106 200.6770 201 .0984 236.6454 237 .1589 274 .8693 275.3399 312 .2800 312.7389 349.3006 349 .7244 385.8184 386 .2996 421... Open at page → 175 Page 175 pmmimmmmmimmi ------ f-7777?????TTTTT2222;:nnn^'^ III ! I?! ss2 1 I i li issgiiiiiliiiiiiiiliiliilillisis ^ 1?ii2§Eiiii|Sij^iii;i|||ii5i2^ii^ !^:^ . 161 Open at page → 176 Page 176 JANUARY10,1989TYPESTHERMOCOUPLE ...AUTOCALIBRATION NISTTESTNO.999888A (AT'COMPUTER) CALCULATEDFIXEDPOINTEMFVALUESINMICROVOLTS EMF(TABLE) -EMF(TC) MICROVOLTS 1064.43 961.93 630.74 419.58 (GOLDPOINT) -10330.83 (SILVERPOINT... Open at page → 177 Page 177 o o inOCO Ov Oooo r-i + 1 1 1 wuuu o U5 cnin p CO CM ^3 U3 OrH •^^ a^<NCMCM 000000r- I*COin VD o CO rH rH +++ 1 CO rHCO OOO 1 1 1 Ou(dU rH <NI CO o 00 00 •p r»cnin 00rH r-00rH rH<MVD o CO00rH CO 1++ o oCOin00rH^00 +ooorH... Open at page → 178 Page 178 8.1.3 TypeRThermocouple -ComparisonCalibration 8,1.3.1CoveringLetterandBoundCalibrationReportforCustomer 164 Open at page → 179 Page 179 >rt$o»'' Gaithersburg.Mary'andaOBSS UNITEDSTATESDEPARTMENTOFCOMMEPCE NationalIna1:l«ut:aofStandardsandTachnology [formarlyNationalBureauofStandards] January10,1989 Inreplyreferto: 586/999999 AAACompany AnyTown,AnyState A... Open at page → 180 Page 180 DHITEDSTATESDEPARTMEHTOFCOMMERCE HATIOHALINSTITUTEOFSTANDARDSANDTECHROLOGT GAITHERSBDRG ,HARTLAHD REPORTOFCALIBRATION TYPERTHERMOCOUPLE (Tagged: AAAlll) Submittedby AAACompany AnyTovm,AnyState Thethermocouple wascalibrat... Open at page → 181 Page 181 CO D cr\M G^CO Gi1-5 c\U CO •u OM 2OS O E-"CJ COQ U E-O U4 CO M cu D o u - ow H EhM 00Ln«3'LnCP. inrvJrj'^r- roo<jOaDcri r-jMDt-H00M3 '*'rj<Lnr-o rioDroC"'"^ 'j'O'-DcNjoo uncviG^'-Dro i-ia>M3^<^J i-ncrioo'-DLn ^oor-j,-(.... Open at page → 182 Page 182 w D CTiM cno •u Ow r^ E-<W COQ u o 00COCOCD00 in 00 '=1'CM r-l^^ t~-r- r~ ^in r-00 c^-) r~ooT 000000CTi c;\ CTlOrHOsln fNJ PTOTOT oT r-cnro r-r-r-r-00 cr\OT-H(MOT 00OT o")OT^<J<^«S<^ r~,-iuDf\joo tn(Mcr~-vD fvr\ <X>0\O r... Open at page → 183 Page 183 w cr\H cnu C/3 •w Ow O E-"td WQ u Ho b w OS u 4 cu D o u - OCO OSh:i IdO H a. E-"M rHIDCTlin CTl00 VDVDinVOVD CTi 00VDo 00CO00 or-- 00cr»O in o VDCOo VOCTlr-(00 VD00oCOUO 00 ro'~DCTl r-o -I ONJ00 VDr- 00CTvo 00 inVOCOcno... Open at page → 184 Page 184 CO D cnM CTlCO cr\u cno cr> •w OU WQ U EhO E-Eh U a. D o u - OCO OSJ wo £ > E"H H E-"M cnr-voiDtn ir)vx3r-coo rsimoOr-iLn cn<fcT>tnrHr^nor-m f\iOo%r--vo i-i^r~of*T vocncMLnoA cvJinoorvjiD oorviincrif»i uJo^r^'-' mcrif\jU... Open at page → 185 Page 185 cnc/3 cr.J cntd cn cn •u Ou r cnQ HO to< U4 W OS U O. D O u ^ Ocn uo E-"M OS^ H Em 2 u "> «i«0000CI ^000\1voo 00 r-cr, 0000<^00 r-lO Cr\CTvcn 00r-o^00 00^u)r~-00 0000CO00 uj v£>inin i-HIDcn00r~- 00 LD 00 0000CO00CO CO(M... Open at page → 186 Page 186 CO o\ hr" CT\ 0*) '^i^o% CO CTi +? 1? M r,TlW T"*! 1—^ _ O IOr\ 1—4m O O r—1fv^C\J(V) W ^SW u »00t-J0% rHol00tH W +4-4- 1 W r1 tn 1-1 PQ [t| Q) < CD • ^ U r-4p-)U3(i;^ D T5 <; 1 1 1 1 fx] Oi UCx]U[x3 r_, 1-5 Cd VO*^ CU f... Open at page → 187 Page 187 8.1.3.2SununaryofCalibrationResultsforNISTRecord 173 Open at page → 188 Page 188 JANUARY10,1989 999999 (AT'COMPUTER) TEMPERATURE STANDARD TEST M-125 TABLE DELTA degC SC-83-13 999999 VALUE (TEST - Ml: 60 .374 366 . ,52 363 ,,96 365 ,.20 -1 .24 60 .811 369 .44 367 .14 368 .14 -1 .,00 79.679 498 .78 496... Open at page → 189 Page 189 782 .881 7165 .26 7739 ,.13 /B8 .70 +0.43 784 .278 7180.39 7755 .,76 /755 .,80 -0 . ,05 814 .239 7506.42 8125 ,.39 8124.63 +0,.77 814 .680 7511.23 8129..65 8130 .,08 -0.,44 852 .245 7924.17 8598.87 8598 .50 +0,.37 852 .7... Open at page → 190 Page 190 JANUARY10,1989 TYPERTHERMOCOUPLE NISTTESTNO.999999 (^AT'COMPUTER) TEMPERATURE DELTAEMF CALCDELTA DEVIATION WEIGHTS 60 ,,374 -1 ,,239 -1.461 +0 ,.222 1 60 .,811 -1 . ,000 -1 .,471 +0 .,471 1 79 ..679 -2 ,.043 -1 .882 -0 ,... Open at page → 191 Page 191 <No^M3 ir> incncn000 incn »3<cnr-in00rg0 CO •~o U300 r~00r\jU)CMi-HMDr-tH cnrgr^jrg incnU3 rHr~cnCO00 incn 00 < CvJCA cnrg0ir> cn cncn rgCMcncn r-r-r-00CO00cnCO •a" 00 <=r onro rvj^ r-CMf\jr-lrH inin cncnrHrHr\jrgU3<J3rH... Open at page → 192 Page 192 COEFFICIENTS FORDELTAEQUATION 630.74TO1064.43degC DE-DE{630.74) = STD FUNCTION(T-630.74) DEV DE=FUNCTION (T) A= -4.8622222E+01 B= +3 .2334952E-02 +2.7482624E-07 +1 .0967249E-01 C= -6.1306990E-05 +3 .7740216E-11 -6 .13069... Open at page → 193 Page 193 JANUARY10,1989 TYPERTHERMOCOUPLE NISTTESTNO.999999 (ATCOMPUTER) DegreesCtablegiven TABLE 2 COEFFICIENTS USEDTOGENERATETABLE 1 TEMPRANGE— 0TO630.74 630.74TO1064.43 1064.43TO1450.0 A= 0.OOOOOOOE+00 -3 .1270229E-01 +1 .5111... Open at page → 194 Page 194 TypeTThermocouple -ComparisonwithSPRT 180 Open at page → 195 Page 195 UNITEDSTATESDEPARTMENTOFCOMMERCE NacionalInatsitutaofStandardsandTechnology (formerlyNationalBureauofStandards] GaiChersburg,Maryland20B99 Date:January10,1989 Inreplyreferto:586/999999 NationalInstituteofStandardsandTech... Open at page → 196 Page 196 DHITEDSTATESDEFARTMERTOFCOMMERCE ATIOBALIISTITUTEOFSTARDARDSAIDTECHROLOGT GAITHERSBORG. MARTLARD REPORTOFCALIBRATION THERMOCOUPLE TypeT Submitted by- NationalInstituteofStandardsandTechnology Gaithersburg, Maryland Elect... Open at page → 197 Page 197 n (T> •'-1iS GTiN —1OJMOJ(Si en hi roisr- <!--.1Nb u ? r-ofoOJOJOJ tn 1 1 1 1 1 111 hi fr. CD uD ITiSi"SP''N uiOJa> UJ 1^ COSQCDu)nCT!!-T a CD in OJQN f-^liSNroS' n ror-iOJOJOJ i 1 ! t 1 1 : i mn ii3iTj L)<rl;T111CO for-... Open at page → 198 Page 198 -1- '^2 uD •4' r~- jCGNCiiUj 1CO ' '% . f ' 'T^. ^Ji!^ VI' ''^CD !iJ U; U-i '.'j 'AlCO L-i G N COCOiT' 01 1^ iS i.ij f'"]i-l<t< -.-!^ T _ 0^iij ^y . -i 1JIJ^ '- ' i mri IX!0*"iy 'U iJ ' UjiJJUj — <CD 2jpjQ CO ^!{^^ j:^ l... Open at page → 199 Page 199 s d "1 ii h m 5 cr. CO: r-6^ i.O 1^ 5i= fs .. u-J ^5COiiiIt!%S •suiLJ~t -r-CJ rS?Su; iVj (3i;JN siOJ<Sin h- ;3 SN 4- (--lOJLii v-i i-i"; -^^^rij iJ'! ff!vi; •T J;—C' ~ -1 . . -J , 1 -1- fun jv- ij' -'-^n Qj 0Q QSQ -.-i (... Open at page → 200 Page 200 8.1.5 BaseMetalThermocouple -ComparisonCalibration 186 Open at page → 201 Page 201 UNITEDSTATESDEPARTMENTOFCOMMERCE Nationallnaeitu«aofStandardsandTechnology (fornnarlyNationalBureauofStandards] GaiChersburg.Maryland20S39 January10,1989 Inreplyreferto: 586/998877 LMNOPCompany YourTown,YourState Attn:Jo... Open at page → 202 Page 202 URITEDSTATESDEPARTMEHTOFCOMMERCE ATIORALIRSTITUTEOFSTAHDARDSAIDTECHIOLOGT GAITHERSBORG, MARTLARD REPORTOFCALIBRATION TYPEKTHERMOCOUPLE Submittedby LMNOPCompany YourTown,YourState Electromotive ForceversusTemperatureofMea... Open at page → 203 Page 203 NBS-n4A(REV.2.ec) U.S.DEPT.OFCOMM. BIBLIOGRAPHICDATA SHEET(Seeinstructions) 1.PUBLICATIONOR REPORTNO. MTr*T/fnocr\oc NIST/SP2dO-35 2.PerformingOrgan.ReportNo.3.PublicationDate Apri 11989 4.TITLEANDSUBTITLE NISTMeasuremen... Open at page → 207 Page 207 THESP250SERIESONNISTMEASUREMENTSERVICES^ SP250-1 SpectralRadianceCalibrations PB87179883 SP250-2 FarUltravioletDetectorStandards PB87227609 SP250-3 RadiometricStandardsintheVacuurr) Ultraviolet PB87227625 SP250-4 FrickeD... Open at page → 208 Page 208 U.S.DepartmentofCommerce NationalInstituteofStandardsandTechnology (formerlyNationalBureauofStandards) Gaithersburg,MD20899 OfficialBusiness PenaltyforPrivateUse$300 Open at page →