Radiation Processing Dosimetry Calibration Services

1 Page 1 NAT'LINST.OFSTAND&TECHR.I.C, AlllDSMQSflS? isurementServices: REFERENCE NISTSpecialPublication250-44 RadiationProcessingDosimetry CalibrationServicesand MeasurementAssuranceProgram JimmyC.Humphreys JamesM.Puhl StephenM.S... Open at page → 2 Page 2 #heNationalInstituteofStandardsandTechnologywasestablished in1988byCongressto"assistindustryin thedevelopmentoftechnology ...neededtoimproveproductquality,tomodernizemanufacturingprocesses,to ensureproductreliability...a... Open at page → 3 Page 3 NISTSpecialPublication250-44 NISTMEASUREMENTSERVICES: RadiationProcessingDosimetryCalibration ServicesandIVIeasurementAssuranceProgram JimmyC.Humphreys,JamesM.Puhl,StephenM.Seltzer, WilliamL.McLaughlin,MarcF.Desrosiers,D... Open at page → 4 Page 4 NationalInstituteofStandardsandTechnologySpecialPublication250-44 Natl.Inst.Stand.Technol.Spec.Publ.250-44,40pages(Mar.1998) CODEN:NSPUE2 U.S.GOVERNMENTPRINTINGOFFICE WASHINGTON: 1998 ForsalebytheSuperintendent ofDocumen... Open at page → 5 Page 5 TABLEOFCONTENTS Page PREFACE iii SCOPE 1 REFERENCEDDOCUMENTS 1 TERMINOLOGY 1 SIGNIFICANCEANDUSE 3 GENERALCRITERIA 4 SPECIFICCRITERIAFORIONIZINGRADIATION 14 SPECIFICCRITERIAFORCALIBRATIONS USINGPHOTONSANDELECTRONS 21 KEYW... Open at page → 7 Page 7 PREFACE ThebasisforthisdocumentwasdevelopedwithintheAmericanSocietyforTestingand Materials(ASTM)subcommitteeEl0.01onDosimetryforRadiationProcessing.Theversion thatispublishedasanASTMstandardisdesignatedasEl400entitled"St... Open at page → 9 Page 9 1. Scope 1.1 Thisdocumentcontainsdescriptionsofthecharacteristicsofthehigh-doseradiation dosimetrycalibrationservicesattheNationalInstituteofStandardsandTechnology(NIST). 2. ReferencedDocuments 2.1ASTMStandards: E170Term... Open at page → 10 Page 10 dosimeters,measurementinstrumentsandtheirassociatedreferencestandards,andprocedures forthesystem'suse. NOTE 1-Thetypesofdosimetersincludereferencestandarddosimeters ,transfer standarddosimeters ,androutinedosimeters .See... Open at page → 11 Page 11 fortransportbetweendifferentlocations,usedtocompareabsorbeddosemeasurements. 3.1.14verification -confirmationbyexaminationofobjectiveevidencethatspecified requirementshavebeenmet. NOTE2-Inthecaseofmeasuringequipment,ther... Open at page → 12 Page 12 calibrationresults. 4.5Forlaboratoriesengagedinspecificfieldsofcalibration,thegeneralrequirementsof ISO/IECGuide25/ANSIZ540needamplificationandinterpretation.Section6ofthisdocument containsspecificcriteriawhichprovidetha... Open at page → 13 Page 13 d)specifyanddocumenttheresponsibility, authority,andinterrelationofallpersonnelwho manage,perform,orverifyworkaffectingthequalityofcalibrations; e)provideadequatesupervisionbypersonsfamiliarwiththecalibrationmethodsand p... Open at page → 14 Page 14 system; d)proceduresforcontrolandmaintenanceofdocumentation; e)jobdescriptionsofkeystaffandreferencetothejobdescriptionsofotherstaff; f) identificationofthelaboratory'sapprovedsignatories; g)thelaboratory'sproceduresfora... Open at page → 15 Page 15 thatitsoperationscontinuetocomplywiththerequirementsofthequahtysystem.Suchreviews shallbecarriedoutbytrainedandqualifiedNISTstaff.Wherethereviewfindingscastdoubton thecorrectnessorvalidityofthelaboratory'scalibrationresu... Open at page → 16 Page 16 5.6 FacilitiesandEnvironment 5.6.1Laboratoryfacilitiesincludingcalibrationareas,electricalpowersources,lighting,heating, andventilationshallbeadequatetofacilitateproperperformanceofcalibrations. 5.6.2Theenvironmentinwhic... Open at page → 17 Page 17 a)thenameoftheitemofequipment; b)themanufacturer'sname,typeidentification,andserialnumberorotherunique identification; c)thedatereceivedandthedateplacedinservice; d)thecurrentlocation,whereappropriate; e)theconditionwhen... Open at page → 18 Page 18 invalidatetheirperformanceasreferencestandards. 5.8.5Referencestandardsofmeasurementshallbetraceabletoanationalorinternational standardofmeasurement.Thereshallbeaprogramofcalibrationandverificationforreference standards.... Open at page → 19 Page 19 c)computerandautomatedequipmentismaintainedtoensureproperfunctioningandis providedwiththeenvironmentalandoperatingconditionsnecessarytomaintaintheintegrity ofcalibrationdata;and d)appropriateproceduresforthemaintenanceof... Open at page → 20 Page 20 informationtopermittheirrepetition.Therecordsshallincludetheidentityofpersonnel involvedincalibration. 5.11.2Allrecords(includingthoselistedin5.7.4pertainingtocalibrationequipment), certificates,andreportsshallbesafelyst... Open at page → 21 Page 21 1)asignatureandtitle,oranequivalentidentificationoftheperson(s)accepting responsibilityforthecontentofthecertificateorreport(howeverproduced),anddateof issue; m)whererelevant,astatementtotheeffectthattheresultsrelateonly... Open at page → 22 Page 22 5.14 OutsideSupportServicesandSupplies 5.14.1Wherethelaboratoryprocuresoutsideservicesandsuppliesotherthanthosereferredto inthissection,insupportofcalibrations,thelaboratoryshalluseonlythoseoutsidesupport servicesandsupp... Open at page → 23 Page 23 Ionizing Radiation DivisonCliief Radiation Interactions& Dosimetry Quality Manager Neutron Interactions& Dosimetry DeputyQuality Manager Radioactivity High-Dose Dosimetry X-ray& Gamma-ray Instruments Beta-particle Dosime... Open at page → 24 Page 24 a)astatementofthescopeofthecalibrationservicestobeperformedbythelaboratory, includingtheradiationtypes,energies,anddoserates; b)documentationofthemodelandserialnumbersofeachcriticalpieceofequipmentused inaparticularcalib... Open at page → 25 Page 25 6.5.2Thetechnicalmanagershallhaveaminimumofabachelor'sdegreeandshouldhaveat leastthree(3)yearsofexperienceinradiologicalphysicsoracloselyrelatedscientificfield. 6.5.3Thesupervisorofthecalibrationlaboratoryshallhaveatleas... Open at page → 26 Page 26 6.6.10Theradiationroomshallbeofsufficientsizeanddesignsuchthatscatteredradiationat thepositionswheredosimetersorinstrumentsarenormallyplacedforcalibrationdoesnot compromisethespecifiedaccuracygoals.Ifnecessary,appropriat... Open at page → 27 Page 27 c)theresultsofallinterlaboratorycomparisons. 6.12 CertificatesandReports 6.12.1Calibrationcertificatesorreportsshallincludeanappropriatestatementclearlyspecifying theconditionsunderwhichthecalibrationsormeasurementswerep... Open at page → 28 Page 28 associatedequipmentinvolvedwiththecaHbrationservices. NOTE3-Acomplaintisnotthatanestimatedcompletiondatedoesnotmeetthecustomer's schedule.TheDivisionwillmakeeveryefforttohelpacustomer,buttheDivision'sservice schedulecann... Open at page → 29 Page 29 theQualityManager,andallDivisionpersonnelinvolved. 6.15.4.7 Inmostcasesthecomplaintprobablycannotberesolvedbythepersonreceivingthe complaint.InthosecasestheGroupLeadershallberesponsibleforresolvingthecomplaint.If necessa... Open at page → 30 Page 30 7.7Equipment 1.1.\RadiationSource(s) 1.1.1.1Thelaboratoryshallhaveaccesstoasourceofgammaradiation,either^°Coor'"Cs, withafluenceratesufficienttodeliveranabsorbeddosewithintherangeof10to10^Gy(10^to 10'rad)withinareasonabl... Open at page → 31 Page 31 7.7.3 DescriptionsofNISTIrradiationFacilities IRAWCRCAP tUNCSTCN ALLOY mONTHAHCPLATC THUMISCREW nxCDSHUTTCRBLOCK TUNGSTEN ALLOY SIttLSHELL SOURCEDRAWCn SHIELDING SHUTTERBLOCK FULLYOPKNSIlUTTEItPOSITION LIGHTSTSTCM 7.7.3.... Open at page → 32 Page 32 Figure3-Pool^°CoSource 7.7.3.2Pool^°CoSource-Thepool-typesourceconsistsofastationaryannulararrayoftwelve sourcerodsofabout1kilocurie(kCi)totalactivity.Itissituatedatthebottomofatwelve-foot deeptankfilledwithwaterforshiel... Open at page → 33 Page 33 ACCESSTUBE 3.5cm11.375inlDm MICHOSWITCH (TopShieldingPlugl COLLAR&SAMPLECHAMBERINTERLOCKS - 3MICROSWITCHES SAMPLECHAMBERDOOR - TOPSHIELDINGPLUG -SAFETYCOLUMN .LEADSHIELDINGCOLLAR (Opened(orloadingi MICROSWITCH (DoorInler... Open at page → 34 Page 34 7.8MeasurementTraceabilityandCalibration 7.8.1 TheVerticalBeam 60, ALANINE RADICAL CATION RADICAL ANION nomeasurable paramagneticspecies NH3 + CO, long-lived paramagnetic species Figure5-ProductionMechanismofParamagnetic... Open at page → 35 Page 35 7.8.4TheEPRsignalintensityofeachalaninepelletwasmeasuredintwoorientations,oneat aninitialorientation(0°)andthen withthepelletrotated90°.Ascanbe seenfromFig.6,thesignalisthe verticaldistancebetweenthe minimumandmaximumoft... Open at page → 36 Page 36 Twoconfigurations,eachconsistingofregionsofmediumsurroundedbyvacuum: System1,mediumhaselectrondensityof: ^1 =Pi<Z/A>iN^ (2) System2,mediumhaselectrondensityof: 62 =P2<Z/A>2N^ (3) wherep =mediumdensity; <Z/A>=ratioofthenu... Open at page → 37 Page 37 SOURCE MonteCarlocalculationswereperformedtoverifythe validityofthescalingtheorem.Themeasuredincident fluenceratespectrafromthe^°Cosource,averaged overcorresponding fieldsizes,werecalculatedforthe correspondingdetectorpl... Open at page → 38 Page 38 ForanirradiationintheVerticalBeamsourceinapolystyrenephantom,thescalingtheorem gives: FortheGammacellsorPoolsources,thealanineislocatedinsideapolystyrenecylinderwitha wallthicknessof3.7mm.Ithasbeenexperimentallydetermine... Open at page → 39 Page 39 Table2 ^GC-45 ^GC-232^POOL 26.85 75.18 248.6 PRIMARYSTANDARD (Domenwatercalorimeter) VERTICALBEAM SOURCE HIGH-DOSE IRRADIATORS ATA ALANINETRANSFER DOSIMETRY GC' 45 . DOSERATEAT CENTERPOSITION ^poa. ^GC-45 ^GC-232 FILM '^... Open at page → 40 Page 40 Now,usingequation(11),gives: D POOL FILM D VB POOL R POOL FILM POOL (14) and, D POOL FILM D VBR POOL FILM VB (15) Equivalentequationshavebeendevelopedforotherconfigurationsanddosimetertypes;theseare discussedindetailinth... Open at page → 41 Page 41 handlingtheseduringcaHbrationistofoldthepouchtightlyaroundtheslabofeachdosimeter andplaceitintotheholeofthefive-holecupnormallyoccupiedbyanampoule.Todetermine theeffectsofthisgeometry,RedPerspexslabswereremovedfromtheirp... Open at page → 42 Page 42 Theradiochromicthinfilmdosimetersarenormallyirradiatedinpolystyrenetwo-piecesquare slabholdersasshowninFig.11.Theslabassembly,withseveralradiochromicfilmssealedin theinteriorcavity,isheldverticallyduringirradiation.Tosim... Open at page → 43 Page 43 Table3 DoseRatesfor''"CoSourcesforDecember31,1996 filename=B140P5-90c:\qpw\DR97c.WBl Effective3/1/97 Co-60half-lifevalueisadjustedfrom1925.34daysto1925.12days DomenWaterCalorimeterTransferCalibration SourceinB036under5cm... Open at page → 44 Page 44 8,Keywords -Absorbeddose;calibrationlaboratory;dosimeter;dosimetrysystem;electronbeam;gammaray; ionizingradiation;radiationprocessing;referencestandarddosimeter. 9, References 1.Inn,K.G.W.,Coursey,B.M.,Eisenhower,E.H.,Wa... Open at page → 47 Page 47 THESP250SERIESONNISTMEASUREMENTSERVICES* SP250-1 SpectralRadianceCalibrations PB87179883 SP250-2 FarUltravioletDetectorStandards PB87227609 SP250-3 RadiometricStandards intheVacuum Ultraviolet PB87227625 SP250-4 FrickeDo... Open at page → 48 Page 48 4* E3 oo o Q Obij f5 C/3 JgH^ Open at page →