Optical Fiber Power Meter Calibrations

1 Page 1 NAT'LINST.OFSTAND&TECH II NivST PUBLJCATIONS NISTMeasurementServices: OpticalFiberPowerMeter nist CalibrationsatNIST ^^^^ 250-54 IgorVayshenker XiaoyuLi DavidJ.Livigni ThomasR.Scott Christopher L.Cromer X 100 .057 NO.250... Open at page → 2 Page 2 #heNationalInstituteofStandardsandTechnologywasestablished in1988byCongressto"assistindustryin thedevelopmentoftechnology ...neededtoimproveproductquality,tomodernizemanufacturingprocesses,to ensureproductreliability...a... Open at page → 3 Page 3 NISTSpecialPublication250-54 NISTMEASUREMENTSERVICES: OpticalFiberPowerMeterCalibrationsatNIST IgorVayshenker XiaoyuLi DavidJ.Livigni ThomasR.Scott Christopher L.Cromer Optoelectronics Division ElectronicsandElectricalEn... Open at page → 4 Page 4 Certaincommercialentities,equipment,ormaterialsmaybeidentified inthisdocument inorderto describeanexperimentalprocedureorconceptadequately.Suchidentification isnotintendedtoimply recommendation orendorsementbytheNational... Open at page → 5 Page 5 Contents 1.Introduction 1 2.LaboratoryStandard 2 3.OpticalFiberPowerMeterCalibrations 6 3.1MeasurementEquation 6 3.2CalibrationsUsingFixedLaserWavelengths 6 3.2.1MeasurementAssuranceProgram 1 0 3.3CalibrationsUsingVariab... Open at page → 7 Page 7 OpticalFiberPowerMeterCalibrationsatNIST IgorVayshenker,XiaoyuLi,DavidJ.Livigni,ThomasR.Scott,andChristopherL.Cromer NationalInstituteofStandardsandTechnology 325Broadway,Boulder,CO80303,USA NISThasestablishedmeasurement... Open at page → 8 Page 8 detectorswhicharespectrallysensitivecanproducedifferentoutputswhenexposedtoequal powersfromdifferentdiodelasersoreventhesamelaserunderdifferentoperationalconditions. Naturally,formeasurementsofhighaccuracy,boththespectra... Open at page → 9 Page 9 Pyroelectricsensorsproduceanelectricalvoltageproportionaltoinstantaneoustemperature changes[9]and,asaresult,thelaserenergyincidentontothedetectormustbemodulatedin ordertousethistypeofdetectortomeasureCWradiation.Theparti... Open at page → 10 Page 10 Figure1.MeasurementconfigurationforECPRcalibration. Table1.CalibrationfactorsforECPR#618referencedtoLOCR. Date Sourcewavel. (nm) Calibration factor Standardcombined uncertainty/% 11/98 633 0.9978 0.16 11/98 1319 0.9945 0... Open at page → 11 Page 11 Relativeresponsivity(%) -2.00 -1.00 0.00 1.00 2.00 X—AxisPosition(mm) Figure2.Contourmapoftheentiredataset,0.1%contourlinespacing. TheuncertaintyduetothenonuniformityoftheECPRsensorcanbeminimizedbyalwaysusing approximate... Open at page → 12 Page 12 3.OpticalFiberPowerMeterCalibrations InthissectionwedescribethemeasurementequationandtheOFPMmeasurement.Wealso discussMeasurementAssuranceProgram(MAP)comparisonsofOFPMs. 3.1MeasurementEquation UponcompletionoftheOFPMcali... Open at page → 13 Page 13 losses.Also,inthisregard, allfibersaresecurelyfixedsothattheycannotmoveduringthe measurements. Allthelasers(exceptfor1550nm)areofFabry-Perottypesandhaveseveral longitudinal(spectral)modes(seeAppendixA).Thecoherencelength... Open at page → 14 Page 14 Fibato connector converter plate Figure4.Lasersourceplate. AsshowninFigure4(aswellasinFigure3)aU-shapedcollimatorfixtureispositionedinthe propagationpathfollowingeachdiodelaser.Thisfixturecontainstwolensesthatprovidea co... Open at page → 15 Page 15 Thefirststepinacalibrationmeasurement isthedeterminationofpowerineitherthecoUimated beamorfi^omtheendofafiber,whicheverisappropriateforaparticularsituation.Forthis measurement, eithertheECPRisplacedinthepathofthecollimat... Open at page → 16 Page 16 Table2.Calibrationfactorsforcheckstandardat1307nm. Date Calibrationfactor (reading/^iW) 06-12-1998 1.002 06-15-1998 1.001 07-01-1998 1.000 08-18-1998 1.002 08-19-1998 1.000 08-25-1998 1.001 09-23-1998 1.001 10-05-1998 1.... Open at page → 17 Page 17 NISTwiththedatasheet(seeAppendixF).TheresultsofthetwosetsofNISTmeasurements areaveraged.Then,participant'sresuhsarecomparedtotheNISTaverage.Ifthedifference betweentwosetsofdataislargerthantheuncertaintyofthemeasurement(a... Open at page → 18 Page 18 LaserCavity Figure5.Diagramoftunablelaserwithanexternalcavity. Figure6depictstheopticalspectraofour1300nmtunablelaserdiodeatthreeselectedsettings. Thetwoextremespectrumlinescorrespondtotwoextremewavelengthsthatthelaseris... Open at page → 19 Page 19 Monitor Collimator Figure7.Tunablelaserdiodestage. 3.3.2MeasurementSystem Sincethissystemissimilartothemeasurementsystemthatusesfixed-wavelength laserdiodes,we willnotdescribethissystemindetail(seeSection3.1andFigure3).A... Open at page → 20 Page 20 1 0.95 0.9 ^0.85 w I 0.8 Q. W y0.75 0.7 0.65 1520 1530 1540 1550 1560 1570 WAVELENGTH(nm) Figure8.SampleGedetectorresponsivitycurveusing1550nmtunablelaserdiode. 3.4FiberConnectorIssues Inseveralopticalfiberconnectorstudi... Open at page → 21 Page 21 connectoreffects.Alaboratorystandardsuchasathermaldevice,whoseoutputisinsensitiveto theconnectortypes,isausefultoolwhendeterminingeffectsduetovariousconnectors.The connectoradapterusedwiththeconnectorisanintegralpartofth... Open at page → 22 Page 22 Yo'^y^ (3) r ^rN Thenumberofdecimalplacesusedinreportingthemeanvaluesofthecalibrationfactorare determinedbyexpressingtheexpandedNISTuncertaintytotwosignificantdigits. InTables5through7,wedescribetheOFPMcalibrationuncerta... Open at page → 23 Page 23 ofthisuncertainty isbasedonanevaluationofpastresultsinAppendixGthatgivesthelargest differenceincalibrationfactorsbetweencalibrationsat0.5and1.0mW.Thedifference is0.06 %.Thus,thestandarduncertainty is0.06/(2/3) =0.02%. d.... Open at page → 24 Page 24 Table3.Spectralresponsivityslope(%/nm)forSi,Ge,andInGaAs detectors. DiodeType Wavelength(nm) 670&780 850&980 1300 1550 Si 0.31 0.14 NA NA Ge NA 0.48 0.14 0.92 InGaAs NA 0.53 0.09 0.05 Table4givesstandarduncertaintyvalues... Open at page → 25 Page 25 Table5.TypicalmeasurementuncertaintiesforaSidetectorat850nm.* Source Standarduncertainty(type) (%) Electronics 0.04(B) LOCK 0.02(B) ECPRlinearity 0.02(B) ECPRspectralresponsivity @850nm 0.10(B) ECPRuniformity 0.04(B) Con... Open at page → 26 Page 26 Table6.TypicalmeasurementuncertaintiesforaGedetectorat1300nm. Source Standarduncertainty(type) (0/. Electronics 0.04(B) LOCK ^ 0.02(B) ECPRlinearity 0.02(B) ECPRspectralresponsivity @1300nm 0.01(B) ECPRuniformity 0.04(B)... Open at page → 27 Page 27 Table7.TypicalmeasurementuncertaintiesforanInGaAsdetectorat1550nm.* Source Standarduncertainty(type) Electronics 0.04(B) LOCK 0.02(B) ECPRlinearity 0.02(B) ECPRspectralresponsivity @1300&1550nm 0.01(B) ECPRuniformity 0.0... Open at page → 28 Page 28 5.FutureWork EventhoughtheECPRisthelaboratorystandardatthistime,improvedpyroelectricandquantum detectorsarenowbeingdevelopedandmayeventuallyreplacethecurrentinstrument.The wavelengthuncertaintycouldbedecreasedbyintroduci... Open at page → 29 Page 29 [8]Livigni,D.J.;Cromer,C.L.;Scott,T.R.;Johnson,B.C.;Zhang,Z.M.Thermal characterizationofacryogenicradiometerandcomparisonwithalasercalorimeter. Metrologia35(6),819-827;1998. [9]Hamilton,C.A.;Day,G.W.;Phelan,R.J.Jr.Anelec... Open at page → 30 Page 30 AppendixA.LaserDiodeOpticalSpectra 100 °80 -*—> C/) c (D CD > a: 60 40 20 0 1290 1 . D /4 — 1 1295 1300 1305 1310 Wavelength(nm) 1315 FigureA-1.OpticalspectraofatypicallaserdiodeusedintheOFPMcalibrationsystem. 24 Open at page → 31 Page 31 AppendixB.MeasurementFlowChart START" SYSTEMCOMMON, MAINVARIABLES mmALIZE GPIBCARD coNncuRATing nescRipnoN SELECTTESTMErTER FROMTHELIBRARY MEASUREMONITOR'SANDECPR'S BACKGROUND MEASUREFIRSTSYSTEMRATIO KOWnjRVS.ECPRUSINGCH... Open at page → 32 Page 32 AppendixC.SampleofaCalibrationReport U.S.DEPARTMENTOFCOMMERCE NATIONALINSTITUTEOFSTANDARDSANDTECHNOLOGY ELECTRONICS&ELECTRICALENGINEERINGLABORATORY Boulder,Colorado80303 REPORTOFCALIBRATION for OPTICALPOWERMETER Meter'sM... Open at page → 33 Page 33 Meter'sManufacturer ModelNumber SerialNumber withSensor ModelNumberandSerialNumber Thelaboratorytemperatureduringthesemeasurementswas22°C(±2°C)andtherelativehumiditywas 11%(±3.5%).Thewavelengthselectionwassettothevalueli... Open at page → 34 Page 34 Meter'sManufacturer ModelNumber SerialNumber withSensor ModelNumberandSerialNumber UncertaintyAssessment TheuncertaintyestimatesfortheNISTlaserenergymeasurementsaredescribedandcombinedusingthe referencedguidelinesinNISTT... Open at page → 35 Page 35 Meter'sManufacturer ModelNumber SerialNumber withSensor ModelNumberandSerialNumber Table2.NISTmeasurementuncertaintiesforSidetectorat850nm. Source Standarduncertainty(type) Electronics 0.04(B) LOCK 0.02(B) Laboratorystan... Open at page → 36 Page 36 Meter'sManufacturer ModelNumber SerialNumber withSensor ModelNumberandSerialNumber Table3.NISTmeasurementuncertaintiesforGedetectorat1300and1550nm. Source Standarduncertainty(type) (%) Electronics 0.04(B) LOCK 0.02(B) La... Open at page → 37 Page 37 Meter'sManufacturer ModelNumber SerialNumber withSensor ModelNumberandSerialNumber FortheDirector, ReportReviewedBy: NationalInstituteofStandards andTechnology ThomasR.Scott,GroupLeader ChristopherL.Cromer,ProjectLeader... Open at page → 38 Page 38 AppendixD.WavelengthHistory Thisappendixdescribesthewavelength(invacuum)historyfileforthelasersusedintheoptical fiberpowermeasurementsystem.Allthemeasurementsweretakenwithacalibratedoptical spectrumanalyzer(OSA).Waveleng... Open at page → 39 Page 39 Appendix£.SampleResultsandShippingInstructionsforMAP ThisappendixdescribesMAPpreliminaryresultsandshippinginstructions. ThefollowingresultsarepreliminaryfortheMAPpowermeterS/N2946G04047thatwas cahbratedat851.9,1307.0,and... Open at page → 40 Page 40 u o s 00 -"^^ •o "5 i.S ^ CO 5C4i c&0<u ^C r,^C3 u,GO 4)"O gi (U lit 00;S C (KJ^ a. • ' c3§00 a,£ .c «j2>u .s §1300 .&^.S P-I« 4> (U 00 On 34 Open at page → 41 Page 41 AppendixG.ECPRLinearityMeasurements TableG-1.ECPR#483calibrationsagainstthe LOCRatdifferentpowers. Average power (mW) Calibration factor (reading/|iW) N Standard deviation (%) 1.002 0.9887 4 0.01 0.502 0.9881 4 0.02 0.10... Open at page → 42 Page 42 AppendixH.ECPRUniformityScans ECPRuniformitymeasurementsperformedbyD.LivignionECPR#618atawavelengthof1557 nm. Statisticsfor2mmbeamwithuniformcenteringerrorwithin±0.5mmoftruecenter: Thestandarddeviationis0.03%. Thespread(... Open at page → 43 Page 43 THESP250SERIESONNISTMEASUREMENTSERVICES* SP250-1 SpectralRadianceCalibrations PB87179883 SP250-2 FarUltravioletDetectorStandards PB87227609 SP250-3 RadiometricStandards intheVacuumUltraviolet PB87227625 SP250-4 FrickeDos... Open at page → 44 Page 44 THESP250SERIESONNISTMEASUREMENTSERVICES*-Continued SP250-45 RadiationProcessingDosimetryCalibration Services:ManualofCalibrationProcedures SN003-003-03514-9 $4.00 SP250-46NISTMultifunctionCalibrationSystem SN003-003-0351... Open at page → 47 Page 47 TechnicalPublications Periodical JournalofResearchoftheNationalInstituteofStandardsandTechnology—ReportsNISTresearchand development inthosedisciplinesofthephysicalandengineeringsciencesinwhichtheInstituteisactive. Thesei... 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