Optical Fiber Power Meter Nonlinearity Calibrations

1 Page 1 NAT'LINST.OFSTAND&TECH msT PUBUCATiONS NISTMeasurementServices: OpticalFiberPowerIVIeter NonlinearityCalibrationsatNIST NIST Special Publication 250-56 IgorVayshenker ShaoYang XiaoyuLi ThomasR.Scott ChristopherL.Cromer C... Open at page → 2 Page 2 MheNationalInstituteofStandardsandTeclinologywasestablished in1988byCongressto"assistindustryin thedevelopmentoftechnology ...neededtoimproveproductquality,tomodernizemanufacturingprocesses,to ensureproductreliability...... Open at page → 4 Page 4 ErrataSheetforNISTSpecialPublication250-56(August 2000) Theword"Nonlinearity" wasomittedfromthetitleonthe documenttitlepage(pagei). Pleasetapetheattachedcorrectedtitlepageoverthe incorrectlyprintedone. Notethatthecorrect... Open at page → 5 Page 5 NISTSpecialPublication250-56 NISTMEASUREMENTSERVICES: OpticalFiberPowerMeter NonlinearityCalibrationsatNIST IgorVayshenker ShaoYang* XiaoyuLi ThomasR.Scott Christopher L.Cromer Optoelectronics Division ElectronicsandElec... Open at page → 6 Page 6 / Open at page → 7 Page 7 V NISTSpecialPublication250-56 NISTMEASUREMENTSERVICES: OpticalFiberPowerIVleterCalibrationsatNIST IgorVayshenker ShaoYang* XiaoyuLi ThomasR.Scott Christopher L.Cromer Optoelectronics Division ElectronicsandElectricalEng... Open at page → 8 Page 8 Certaincommercialentities,equipment,ormaterialsmaybeidentifiedinthisdocument inorderto describeanexperimentalprocedureorconceptadequately.Suchidentification isnotintendedtoimply recommendation orendorsementbytheNationalI... Open at page → 9 Page 9 Contents 1.Introduction 1 2.MeasurementofNonlinearityandRangeDiscontinuity 1 2.1DefinitionandBasicExpressions 2 2.2PolynomialExpressionforConversionFunction 4 2.2.1TripletSuperpositionMethod 5 2.3CorrectionFactorforNonli... Open at page → 11 Page 11 OpticalFiberPowerMeterNonlinearityCalibrationsatNIST IgorVayshenker,ShaoYang*,XiaoyuLi,ThomasR.Scott,andChristopherL.Cromer NationalInstituteofStandardsandTechnology,325Broadway,Boulder,CO80303 *Biostar,6655LookoutRd,Bou... Open at page → 12 Page 12 DETECTOR —m— lOOORf —m— 100Rf —m— FEEDBACK RESISTORRf OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER Figure1.Simplifiedschematicofatypicalopticalpowermeter. TheNISTnonlinearitysystemiscapableofmeasuringthenonlinearityofOFPMsoveradynamic rangeofm... Open at page → 13 Page 13 voltage,orthedisplayreadingfromtheOFPM.Afunctionthatdescribestherelationship betweentheincidentopticalpowerPandanOFPMordetectoroutputiscalledtheresponse functionandisexpressedas: V=V(P). (2) Theresponsefunctionisdepicted... Open at page → 14 Page 14 VV c OUTPUT Figures.Aconversionfunction. Inpractice, itisoftenmoreconvenienttousetheconversionfunctionratherthantheresponse function.WecandefinethenonlinearityintermsoftheoutputVas P(V,)V V(v;v. )= - 1. (5) 2.2Polynomial... Open at page → 15 Page 15 Theoutputresponsesofthecommonlyusedphotodiodes, Si,Ge,orInGaAs,areexponential(see conversionfunctioninFigure3)withrespecttotheinputpower.However,theyareoftenusedin nearlyshort-circuitedorreverse-biasedconfigurationstoach... Open at page → 16 Page 16 Pli =Vh-Eb.Vit, k=2 P2i = .t^V^-, (10) k=2 n Pli P2i= +E^k^Si, k=2 wherethe p;arearbitraryunknownsandtheV;aremeasuredoutputvalues.Anewequation isformedbysubtractingthefirstandsecondequationsfi^omthetliirdequationwhileeli... Open at page → 17 Page 17 a,[c]= ^ . A k (12) k=2 ThetrueinputpowerPisobtainedfromtheOFPMreadingVforanygivenrangemby V P = F-CF[m] (13) where=V^/Pcisthecalibrationfactordescribedinreference[6]andCF[m]isacorrection factorfornonlinearityovertheenti... Open at page → 18 Page 18 3.NonlinearityMeasurementSystem TheNISTOFPMnonlinearitysystemisdepictedinFigure4.Thesystemisfullyautomated. Afterthemeasurementsarecompleted(typicallyin3h),thecomputerprogramanalyzesthedata andprintsthecalibrationdataina... Open at page → 19 Page 19 Thedataareacquiredusingthetripletsuperpositionmethod.Themeasurementsareperformed bytakingthreepowerreadingsfromtheOFPM:(1)whentheshutter 1isopen(1s)andshutter2 isclosed,(2)whenbothshuttersareopen(1s),and(3)whentheshutter... Open at page → 20 Page 20 Table1.Nonlinearityandrangediscontinuitycorrectionfactors. Meter Output Mean Standard puwci UcVldllUIl (dBm)* factor (%) 1: 10 1.5-3.5mW 1.007 0.30 2: 0 0.15-2mW 0.9995 0.06 3: -10[c] 15-200^iW 1.000 0.01 4: -20 1.5-20fi... Open at page → 21 Page 21 4.UncertaintyAssessment InthissectionweassesstheassociateduncertaintyoftheOFPMnonlinearitymeasurements.The uncertaintyestimatesfortheNISTOFPMnonlinearitymeasurementsaredescribedandcombined usingthereferencedguidelines[7]... Open at page → 22 Page 22 TypeA Repeatability:Thisisanuncertaintyduetothescatterofdatapointsaroundthemeasurement averageobtainedfromthreecalibrationrunsontheOFPMbeingcalibrated. TypeB a.Laserpowerstability:DuringthenonlinearitycalibrationofanOFPM... Open at page → 23 Page 23 Table3.Standarduncertainty(%)forspectralresponsivityfor Si,Ge,andInGaAsdetectors. DiodeType Wavelength(nm) 850 1300 1550 Si 0.004 NA NA Ge 0.014 0.004 0.027 InGaAs 0.015 0.003 0.001 Table3presentsthestandarduncertaintyva... Open at page → 24 Page 24 Table4.ExampleofnonlinearitymeasurementuncertaintiesforaSioptical fiberpowermeterat850nm. OOUlL/C ^tJinHjirHiinpprtnititv^tvnp^oiaiiLKUuuiiL/Cilaiiiiy^lypcy (%) Laserstability 0.06(B) @850nm Polynomialtruncation 0.002(B)... Open at page → 25 Page 25 Table5.ExampleofnonlinearitymeasurementuncertaintiesforaGeoptical fiberpowermeterat1300nm.* Source Standarduncertainty(type) (%) Laserstability @1300nm 0.03(B) Polynomialtruncation 0.002(B) Testmeterspectralresponsivity... Open at page → 26 Page 26 Table6.ExampleofnonlinearitymeasurementuncertaintiesforaInGaAs opticalfiberpowermeterat1550nm.* Source Standarduncertainty(type) (%) Laserstability 0.01(B) @1550nm Polynomialtruncation 0.002(B) Testmeterspectralresponsiv... Open at page → 27 Page 27 5.References [1]Yang,S.;Vayshenker, I.;Li,X.;ZanderM.;Scott,T.R.Opticaldetectornonlinearity: Simulation.Natl.Inst.Stand.Technol.TechnicalNote1376;May19,1995. [2]Yang,S.;Vayshenker, I.;Li,X.;Scott,T.R.Opticaldetectornonli... Open at page → 28 Page 28 AppendixA.LaserDiodeOpticalSpectra > JO CD a: 100 580 60 40 c 20 0 JL i 1530 1535 1540 1545 1550 1555 1560 Wavelength(nm) FigureA-1.Opticalspectraofatypicallaserdiodeusedinthelinearitycalibrationsystem. 18 Open at page → 29 Page 29 AppendixB.MeasurementFlowChart ( ^ START INITIALIZE SYSTEMCDMMDN, MAINVARIABLES INITIALIZE GPIBANDPin-12CARDS / SELECTTESTMETER / SELECTWAVELENGTH / START-UPPROCEDURE! WARMUPLASERCS)FDR30MIN CHECKALLOPTICALAND ELECTRICAL... Open at page → 30 Page 30 AppendixC.SampleofaCalibrationReport U.S.DEPARTMENTOFCOMMERCE NATIONALINSTITUTEOFSTANDARDSANDTECHNOLOGY ELECTRONICS&ELECTRICALENGINEERINGLABORATORY Boulder,Colorado80303 REPORTOFNONLINEARITYCALIBRATION for OPTICALPOWERME... Open at page → 31 Page 31 OPTICALPOWERMETER Meter'sManufacturer ModelNumber,SerialNumber withSensors ModelNumberXSerialNumber1 ModelNumberY,SerialNumber2 TheresultsofthesemeasurementsarepresentedinTables 1through4andshowngraphicallyinFigures2thro... Open at page → 32 Page 32 OPTICALPOWERMETER Meter'sManufacnirer McxielNumber,SerialNumber withSensors ModelNumberX,SerialNumber 1 ModelNumberY,SerialNumber2 Table2.Nonlinearitycorrectionfactors(CF)at860imiforopticalfiberpowermeter.Model NumberY,S... Open at page → 33 Page 33 OPTICALPOWERMETER Meter'sManufacturer ModelNumber,SerialNumber withSensors ModelNumberX,SerialNimiber 1 ModelNimiberY,SerialNumber2 Table3.Nonlinearitycorrectionfactorsat1314nmforopticalfiberpowermeter,Model NumberY,Seri... Open at page → 34 Page 34 OPTICALPOWERMETER Meter'sManufacturer ModelNumber,SerialNumber withSensors ModelNumberX,SerialNumber 1 ModelNumberY,SerialNumber2 Table4.Nonlinearitycorrectionfactors(CF)at1542nmforopticalfiberpowermeter. ModelNumberY,Se... Open at page → 35 Page 35 OPTICALPOWERMETER Meter'sManufacturer ModelNumber,SerialNumber withSensors ModelNumberX,SerialNumber 1 ModelNumberY,SerialNumber2 CorrectionFactorforNonlinearityandRangeDiscontinuity ThenonlinearityoftheOFPMandassociated... Open at page → 36 Page 36 OPTICALPOWERMETER Meter'sManufacturer ModelNumber,SerialNmnber withSensors ModelNumberX,SerialNumber 1 ModelNumberY,SerialNumber2 UncertaintyAssessment TheuncertaintyestimatesinTables1through4fortheNISTlinearitymeasureme... Open at page → 37 Page 37 OPTICALPOWERMETER Meter'sManufacturer ModelNumber,SerialNumber withSensors ModelNumberX,SerialNumber 1 ModelNumberY,SerialNumber2 measurementsaretaken.Thelowpower(whenanindividualshutterisopen)ismeasuredbeforeandafterthe... Open at page → 38 Page 38 OPTICALPOWERMETER Meter'sManufacturer ModelNiunber,SerialNumber withSensors ModelNumberX,SerialNumber 1 ModelNumberY,SerialNumber2 Table5.Typicalnonlinearitymeasurementuncertainties. Soiu-ce Standarduncertainty(type) (%)... Open at page → 39 Page 39 OPTICALPOWERMETER Meter'sManufacturer ModelNumber,SerialNumber withSensors ModelNumberX,SerialNumber 1 ModelNumberY,SerialNumber2 FortheDirector, ReportReviewedBy: NationalInstituteofStandards andTechnology GordonW.Day,D... Open at page → 40 Page 40 THESP250SERIESONNISTMEASUREMENTSERVICES* SP250-1 SpectralRadianceCalibrations PB87179883 SP250-2 FarUltravioletDetectorStandards PB87227609 SP250-3 RadiometricStandards intheVacuumUltraviolet PB87227625 SP250-4 FrickeDos... Open at page → 41 Page 41 THESP250SERIESONNISTMEASUREMENTSERVICES*-Continued SP250^5 SP250-46 SP250-47 SP250^8 SP250-49 RadiationProcessingDosimetryCalibration Services:ManualofCalibrationProcedures SN003-003-03514-9 $4.00 NISTMultifunctionCalibr... Open at page → 43 Page 43 NISTiTechnicalPublications Periodical JournalofResearchoftheNationalInstituteofStandardsandTechnology—ReportsNISTresearchand development inthosedisciplinesofthephysicalandengineeringsciencesinwhichtheInstituteisactive. T... 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