Heat Flux Sensor Calibration

1 Page 1 NISTMeasurementServices: BenjaminK.Tsai,CharlesE.Gibson,AnnageriV.Murthy,EdwardA.Early, DavidP.Dewitt,andRobertD.Saunders U.S.DepartmentofCommerce TechnologyAdministration NationalInstituteofStandardsandTechnology 1 Qt 5... Open at page → 3 Page 3 NISTSpecialPublication250-65 NISTMEASUREMENTSERVICES: Heat-FluxSensorCalibration BenjaminK.Tsai,CharlesE.Gibson,AnnageriV.Murthy,EdwardA.Early, DavidP.Dewitt,andRobertD.Saunders OpticalTechnologyDivision PhysicsLaborator... Open at page → 4 Page 4 NationalInstituteofStandardsandTechnologySpecialPublication250-65 Nat.Inst.Stand.Technol.Spec.Publ.250-65,37Pages,(May2004) CODEN:NSPUE2 NISTPRINTINGANDDUPLICATINGOFFICE GAITHERSBURG,MD:2004 Open at page → 5 Page 5 PREFACE ThecalibrationandrelatedmeasurementservicesoftheNationalInstituteofStandards andTechnology areintendedtoassistthemakersandusersofprecisionmeasuring instruments inachieving thehighestpossible levelsofaccuracy, qua... Open at page → 6 Page 6 ABSTRACT TheOpticalTechnologyDivisionatNISTisdevelopingtechniquestocalibrateheat-flux sensorstomeetthecurrentcalibrationneedsofU.S.scienceandindustry.Anoutcome ofthiseffortisacalibrationserviceofferednowthroughNISTCahbra... Open at page → 7 Page 7 TABLEOFCONTENTS Abstract iv 1.Introduction 1 2.Measurementprinciple 1 3.Traceability 2 4.Calibrationtechnique 3 4.125mmVariable-Temperature Blackbody 3 4.2 TransferStandardRadiometer 4 4.3RadiometerCalibration 5 4.4Refer... Open at page → 8 Page 8 LISTOFFIGURES Figure1Transfercalibrationandtraceability 2 Figure2Schematiclayoutofthe25mmVariable-Temperature Blackbody 3 Figure3TransferstandardKendallradiometerlayout 4 Figure4SchematicrepresentationofaSchmidt-Boelters... Open at page → 9 Page 9 1.Introduction TheNational InstituteofStandardsandTechnology initiatedacompetence programintheyear1995todeveloptechniquesforcalibrationofhighheat-f1uxsensors. Anoutcomeofthecompetenceprogramisthecapabilitytocalibrateheat... Open at page → 10 Page 10 whereAistheareaoftheradiometeroverwhichradiantfluxisincidentandEisthe averageirradiance. Theaverageirradiance isusedinEq.(3)becauseinnearlyall measurementsituationstheirradiancehasaspatialdistributionthatisamaximumatthe... Open at page → 11 Page 11 Acavity-typeESRoperatingatroomtemperature isthetransferstandardforheat- fluxsensorcahbrations.TheQEDisusedtocalibratetheradiantpowerofahigh-power kryptonlaser,whichisthenusedtocalibratetheresponsivityoftheESR.Thefinalste... Open at page → 12 Page 12 4.2TransferStandardRadiometer TheESRtransferstandardisawater-cooledKendallradiometer[4]/shownin Fig.3.TheESRabsorbstheincidentradiantfluxalmostcompletelybecauseofthe blackenedcavitywallsandmultiplereflectionswithinthecav... Open at page → 13 Page 13 Tablelb.ESRtransferstandardcontrolunitspecification KendallMK-IRadiometerControlUnit(SerialNo.17601) Accuracy Absolutemeasurementuncertainty<±0.5%fullscale Zerodrift <±0.1%permonthoffullscale Timeconstant <2s(l/e) Displa... Open at page → 14 Page 14 blackbodyaperture,anddifferentblackbodytemperatureranges, resultsofthecalibrationforincidentheatfluxofupto50kW/m". Figure5showsthe Heatflux JfJUL. Black paint Temperature distribution •Wafer Copper leads Heatsink Figure4... Open at page → 15 Page 15 Allofthecalibrationsshowalinearresponseofthesensor,withregression factorsclosetounity. Table3summarizes theresultsofthesensorresponsivity calculationsfromlinearregressionanalysisofthemeasureddata.Theresponsivity valuesfr... Open at page → 16 Page 16 5.1Pre-Calibrationinspection Thecontinuityofthesensorsignalleadsischeckedandthevalueofthe resistance,usingamulti-meter, isrecorded. Theconditionofthehighabsorptance coatingonthesensorsurface isinspected. Iftheconditionsi... Open at page → 17 Page 17 optimumsensorlocationfromtheblackbodyaperturetocoveradesiredcalibration range.Theactualheatfluxvaluesmayvaryoverthelongtermbecauseofagingofthe graphiteheatingelementandotherfactors.However,thisvariationwillhavenoeffecton... Open at page → 18 Page 18 6.1Transferstandardradiometer Theuncertainty associatedwiththetransferstandardradiometercaHbration, discussedinSees.3and4.3,isaType-Buncertaintyandestimatedtobe0.6%. 6.2VTBBtemperature TheabsolutetemperatureoftheVTBBhasn... Open at page → 19 Page 19 0 -0.5 6hlh -1.5 -2.0 0 2 4 6 8 10 hIb Figure6.Incrementalchangeinconfigurationfactorwithdistance[8] 6.7Radiometeraperturesize Theareasonwhichradiantfluxisincidentonthetransferstandardradiometer andthetestsensorarediffer... Open at page → 20 Page 20 location,thecorrespondinguncertaintyinthecorrectionwillbelessthan0.05%. 1.08 0 2 4 6 8 10 hib Figure7.Ratioofpeaktoaverageirradianceatsensorlocation[8] 6.8Radiometer/Sensor reading Theaveragingtimesforthesensorandtheradi... Open at page → 21 Page 21 Figure8.Standarddeviationofthemeanoutputfortwosensorlocations[1] 6.9Othersources TheVTBBuseslow-velocityargongasflowtopurgethecavitycontinuously duringoperation.Theaverageexit-flowvelocityisabout0.08m/s.Whenthesensoris c... Open at page → 22 Page 22 References 1.A.V.MurthyandB.K.Tsai,"TransfercalibrationofheatfluxsensorsatNIST," HTD-Vol.345,ASMEproceedingsoftheNationalHeatTransferConference,Edited byD.Kaminski,A.M.SmitliandT.F.Smith,7,81-88(1997). 2.T.T.Gentile,J.M.... Open at page → 23 Page 23 AppendixA Heat-fluxsensor:Laboratoryproceduremanual HFMLPl: KendallRadiometerOperatingProcedure HFMLP2: Heat-FluxSensorCalibrationProcedure HFMLP3: Datareductionprocedure 15 Open at page → 24 Page 24 OpticalTechnologyDivision(844) Heat-fluxMeasurementsLaboratoryProcedure KendallRadiometerOperatingProcedure Page1of2 Writtenby: MurthyAnnageri Procedure: HFMLPl Approvedby: Date: Revisedby: Date: KendallRadiometerOperati... Open at page → 25 Page 25 OpticalTechnologyDivision(844) Heat-fluxMeasurementsLaboratoryProcedure KendallRadiometerOperatingProcedure Page2of2 Writtenby: MurthyAnnageri Procedure: HFMLPl Approvedby: Date: Revisedby: Date: 3.Darksignal a.Setbothth... Open at page → 26 Page 26 OpticalTechnologyDivision(844) Heat-fluxMeasurementsLaboratoryProcedure Heat-fluxSensorCalibrationProcedure Page1of2 Writtenby: MurthyAnnageri Procedure: HFMLP2 Approvedby: Date: Revisedby: Date: Heat-fluxSensorCalibrati... Open at page → 27 Page 27 OpticalTechnologyDivision(844) Heat-iluxMeasurementsLaboratoryProcedure Heat-fluxSensorCalibrationProcedure Page2of2 Wnttenby: MurthyAnnagen Procedure: HFMLP2 Approvedby: Date: Revisedby: Date: 2.CalibrationMeasurements... Open at page → 28 Page 28 OpticalTechnologyDivision(844) Heat-fluxMeasurementsLaboratoryProcedure Heat-fluxSensorCalibrationDataReductionProcedure Page1of1 Writtenby: MurthyAnnageri Procedure: HFMLP3 Approvedby: Date: Revisedby: Date: Datareducti... Open at page → 29 Page 29 AppendixB Heat-fluxsensor-SampleCalibrationReport 21 Open at page → 30 Page 30 REPORTOFCALIBRATION 35070SSpecialTestol'IfcatFluxSensor for HFSensore.Model#HFT-X-OOOOOJ Serial#00000. 1111{.22222.33.333,44444,and55555 Submittedby: RadiometricSystems,Inc. .4ttn.;JohnDoe 123CalibrationBlvd.West Measuie... Open at page → 31 Page 31 liEPORTOFC:ALIBR.\TI0.\ ManufacturerHFSensors 35070SSpecialTestofHeatFluxSensor Model :HVY-X-mm} RadiometricSystemsInc. Serial 00000,11111.22222.33333.444444.55555 AppendixA:DetailsofTestSchmidt-BoeltcrSensors Manufactur... Open at page → 32 Page 32 REPORTOFC;ALIBllATION ManufacturerHFSensors 35070SS{ieeia]TestofHeatFkixSensor Model:HFl-X-000(X)J RjidiometricSystemsInc. Serial if:00000,11111.22222,33333.444444.55555 Thesensorsweremountedonaholder4ieal-sink forpurpos... Open at page → 33 Page 33 REPORTOFCALIBIMTION 35070SSpecialTestofHealFluxSensor RftdiometricSvsteinsInc. Manufaclurcr:HFSeasors Model:HFT-X-OOOOOJ Serial#:CWOOO, 11111.22222,333.33.444444.55555 4.£stitn;itk>nofUncertiiint} Table2summarizesthecalc... Open at page → 34 Page 34 REPORTOFC:ALIBIUTI0N ManufacturerHFSensors 35070SSpecialTestol'HeatFUl\Sensor Model :HFr-X-OOOOOJ RiidioraetricSystemsInc. Serial#:00000,11111 .22222.33333.444444.55555 Tablela HeatFluxCalibrationResultsforsensors00000,1... Open at page → 35 Page 35 REPORTOFC:ALIBR.\TI0N ManufacturerHfSemors 35070SSpecialTestol'MeatFluxSensor Model:IWT-X-mmJ R.-idiometricSystemsInc. Serial#:(XJOOO,II111.22222,33333.444444.55555 Tablelb HeatFluxCalibrationResultsforsensors33333,44444... Open at page → 36 Page 36 REPORTOFCALIBRATION 35070SSpecialTestofHeatFluxSensor RadiomeU-icSystemsInc. Manufacliirer:HFSensors Model:HFT-X-OOOOOl Serial f?:00000.1H11,22222,33.13.^444444,55555 SAMPLE CalibrationDate:.August19.1999 NISTTestNo.:844... Open at page → 37 Page 37 REPORlOFCALIBRATION 35070SSfTccia]TestofHeatFluxSensor RadiomelricSysleinsInc. ManiilacUircr:HI'Sensors Model;HFT-X-fX)0(K)J Serialfk(WOOO.11111,2222133333,444444.55555 SAMPLE CalibrationDate:.%igust19,1999 NISTTestNo. :... Open at page → 38 Page 38 REPORTOFCALIBRATION Mamifacttirer:HFSensors 35070SSpecialTestofHealFUixSensor Model:HIT-X-OOOOOJ RadiometricSvstemsInc. Serial#:00000,Hill.22222,33333.444444.55555 Table2 HeatFluxCalibrationl^ncertainties (HeatFluxRanse1... Open at page → 39 Page 39 AppendixC VTBBoperation:Laboratoryproceduremanual RTMLPSafety.l SafetyIssues RTMLPl RunningGeneralDataTakingProgram RTMLPl1: VTBBOperation 31 Open at page → 40 Page 40 OpticalTechnologyDivision(844) RadianceTemperatureMeasurementsLaboratoryProcedure SafetyIssues Writtenby: CharlesGibson Approvedby: Revisedby: Procedure: Date: Date: RTMLPl SafetyIssues Safetyglassesarerequiredinthelabor... Open at page → 41 Page 41 OpticalTechnologyDivision(844) RadianceTemperatureMeasurementsLaboratoryProcedure RunningGeneralDataTakingProgram Writtenby: CharlesGibson Procedure: RTMLPl Approvedby: Date: Revisedby: Date: RunningtheGeneralDataTakingP... Open at page → 42 Page 42 OpticalTechnologyDivision(844) RadianceTemperatureMeasurementsLaboratoryProcedure Variable-Temperature BlackbodyOperation Writtenby: CharlesGibson Approvedby: Revisedby: Procedure: Date: Date: RTMLPll VTBBOperation m BRI... Open at page → 43 Page 43 OpticalTechnologyDivision(844) RadianceTemperatureMeasurementsLaboratoryProcedure Variable-Temperature BlackbodyOperation Writtenby: CharlesGibson Approvedby: Revisedby: Procedure: RTMLPll Date: Date: 2. OperatingProcedu... Open at page → 44 Page 44 OpticalTechnologyDivision(844) RadianceTemperatureMeasurementsLaboratoryProcedure SafetyIssues Writtenby: CharlesGibson Procedure: RTMLPll Approvedby: Date: Revisedby: Date: f. Ifthenewsetpointisnotinthecurrentrangethent... Open at page → 45 Page 45 AppendixD:HowtoRequestHeat-FluxSensorCalibrations 1.Prepareapurchaseorderwiththefollowing: a.Companynameandaddress b.Contactperson'snameandphonenumber c.Billingaddress d.ServiceIDnumberrequested(includerangeandpoints) e.... Open at page →