Dictionary · Statistics
Normalized error (En)
The interlaboratory comparison statistic En = (x − X) / √(U²(x) + U²(X)). |En| ≤ 1 indicates agreement within expanded uncertainties; it is the standard scoring for calibration proficiency tests.
Related terms
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Measurement precision
Closeness of agreement between indications or measured values from replicate measurements under specified conditions — usually expressed as a standard deviation, variance, or coefficient of variation.
VIM (JCGM 200:2012) 2.15
Intermediate measurement precision
Measurement precision under intermediate precision conditions — the realistic "within-lab, over months" figure that belongs in most uncertainty budgets.
VIM (JCGM 200:2012) 2.23
Reproducibility condition of measurement
A condition set that includes different locations, operators, and measuring systems applying the same procedure to the same or similar objects.
VIM (JCGM 200:2012) 2.24
Z-score
A proficiency-testing statistic z = (x − X)/σ_pt comparing a participant result with the assigned value in units of the standard deviation for proficiency assessment; |z| ≤ 2 is conventionally satisfactory.
ISO 13528:2022
Measurement repeatability
Measurement precision under repeatability conditions — the tightest, most flattering precision an instrument and operator can show.
VIM (JCGM 200:2012) 2.21
Repeatability condition of measurement
A condition set that includes the same procedure, operators, measuring system, operating conditions, and location, with replicates over a short period.
VIM (JCGM 200:2012) 2.20